Risk factors for training-related injuries among men and women in basic combat training

Knapik, Joseph J.; Sharp, Marilyn A.; Canham-Chervak, Michelle; Hauret, Keith G.; Patton, John F.; Jones, Bruce H.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200106000-00014

Cited by 447 publications

(440 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It does suggest that Individuals of similar aerobic fitness levels have similar injury and BCT graduation rates while individuals of lower aerobic fitness have higher injury rates and less success at BCT graduation. This has also been demonstrated in other studies (5,6,7,13,18,19,22,26). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the FAP a more appropriate study design would be to take a group of individuals who fail the entry-level physical fitness test and put 14 into the FAP and send 34 directly to BCT (without FAP training).…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Recruits who enter BCT with low physical fitness have a higher risk of injury (8,19) and discharge (11,24). The analysis in this paper suggested that requiring recruits to meet the requirements of the entry-level physical fitness test plus pre-conditioning was associated with a lower rate of attrition in BCT and considerable estimated cost savings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a Program to Identify and Pre-Condition Trainees With Low Physical Fitness: Attrition and Cost Analysis

Knapik¹,

Darakjy²,

Hauret³

et al. 2004

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Program to Identify and Pre-Condition Trainees With Low Physical Fitness: Attrition and Cost Analysis

Knapik¹,

Darakjy²,

Hauret³

et al. 2004

Self Cite

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“…Age, previous injury and low fitness were usually found responsible for the increase of injury risk among sportsmen [14,15]. Correlated with higher injury risk were also found cigarette smoking [16], strength and flexibility imbalances [17] and stature [18]. According to the results of our study, the risk of injury among elite rugby players can be identified not only by using fitness tests, but also by using a simple and objective test of body composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Injury frequency and body composition of elite Romanian rugby players

Almăjan-Guţă

Rusu

Nagel

et al. 2015

Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal

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Background: The physical exertion in the game of rugby is intense and depends on the playing position. This study hypothesized that peculiarities of body composition are important and should be properly interpreted in order to improve fitness and particularly in order to reduce the risk of injuries. Purpose: The aim of the present paper is to highlight the importance of body composition evaluation and to underline the usefulness of the data thus obtained for both training individualization and sports injuries risk reduction. Material and Methods: Thirty seven senior male rugby players from the former Romanian national team were assessed on body composition using a segmental multi-frequency bio-impedance analyzer InBody 720 (The Body Composition Analyzer -South Korea). We compared the results from both the preseason and the regular season 2012 with the international norms for elite players and we categorized the data by playing positions. Results: We have analyzed the amount of lean mass on each limb (kg), body water content (l), percentage of body fat, bone mineral and protein content (kg). We observed that the number of injuries is directly correlated to high levels of body fat percentage, low lean mass, and edema scores. Conclusions: The risk of injury can be identified among elite rugby players not only by using fitness tests, but also by using a simple and objective test of body composition. These results show how important it is to monitor the level of body fat, lean muscle mass and muscular development in order to modify nutrition and food habits, individualize trainings and thus reduce the number of injuries.

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“…Each subject was emailed monthly to query as to whether they had sustained a musculoskeletal injury over the past month. At the end of the year, injury data were extracted from healthcare records and from the Military Health System Management and Reporting Tool healthcare database using an established process [18,19]. The Comprehensive Injury Index captures International Classification of Diseases, 9 th Revision (ICD-9) codes related to both traumatic and overuse injuries that are associated with the musculoskeletal system.…”

Section: Musculoskeletal Injury Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

What Risk Factors Are Associated With Musculoskeletal Injury in US Army Rangers? A Prospective Prognostic Study

Teyhen¹,

Shaffer

Butler

et al. 2015

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

105

119

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Background Musculoskeletal injury is the most common reason that soldiers are medically not ready to deploy. Understanding intrinsic risk factors that may place an elite soldier at risk of musculoskeletal injury may be beneficial in preventing musculoskeletal injury and maintaining operational military readiness. Findings from this population may also be useful as hypothesis-generating work for particular civilian settings such as law enforcement officers (SWAT teams), firefighters (smoke jumpers), or others in physically demanding professions.Questions/purposes The purposes of this study were (1) to examine whether using baseline measures of self-report and physical performance can identify musculoskeletal injury risk; and (2) to determine whether a combination of predictors would enhance the accuracy for determining future musculoskeletal injury risk in US Army Rangers. Methods Our study was a planned secondary analysis from a prospective cohort examining how baseline factors predict musculoskeletal injury. Baseline predictors associated with musculoskeletal injury were collected using surveys and physical performance measures. Army Physical Fitness Test (consisting of a 2-mile run and 2 minutes of sit-ups and push-ups). A total of 320 Rangers were invited to enroll and 211 participated (66%). Occurrence of musculoskeletal injury was tracked for 1 year using monthly injury surveillance surveys, medical record reviews, and a query of the Department of Defense healthcare utilization database. Injury surveillance data were available on 100% of the subjects. Receiver operator characteristic curves and accuracy statistics were calculated to identify predictors of interest. A logistic regression equation was then calculated to find the most pertinent set of predictors. Of the 188 Rangers (age, 23.3 ± 3.7 years; body mass index, 26.0 ± 2.4 kg/m 2 ) remaining in the cohort, 85 (45.2%) sustained a musculoskeletal injury of interest. Results Smoking, prior surgery, recurrent prior musculoskeletal injury, limited-duty days in the prior year for musculoskeletal injury, asymmetrical ankle dorsiflexion, pain with Functional Movement Screen clearing tests, and decreased performance on the 2-mile run and 2-minute situp test were associated with increased injury risk. Presenting with one or fewer predictors resulted in a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.95), and having three or more predictors resulted in a specificity of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93-0.99). The combined factors that contribute to the final multivariable logistic regression equation yielded an odds ratio of 4.3 (95% CI, 2.0-9.2), relative risk of 1.9 (95% CI, 1.4-2.6), and an area under the curve of 0.64. Conclusions Multiple factors (musculoskeletal injury history, smoking, pain provocation, movement tests, and lower scores on physical performance measures) were associated with individuals at risk for musculoskeletal injury. The summation of the number of risk factors produced a highly sensitive (one or less factor) and specific (three o...

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Risk factors for training-related injuries among men and women in basic combat training

Cited by 447 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of a Program to Identify and Pre-Condition Trainees With Low Physical Fitness: Attrition and Cost Analysis

Evaluation of a Program to Identify and Pre-Condition Trainees With Low Physical Fitness: Attrition and Cost Analysis

Injury frequency and body composition of elite Romanian rugby players

What Risk Factors Are Associated With Musculoskeletal Injury in US Army Rangers? A Prospective Prognostic Study

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