Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: Implications for prenatal management and screening

Boyer, Kenneth M.; Holfels, Ellen; Roizen, Nancy; Swisher, Charles N.; Mack, Douglas G.; Remington, Jack S.; Withers, Shawn; Meier, Paul; McLeod, Rima

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.031

Cited by 229 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Lymphadenopathy and asthenia may persist for several weeks, mimicking infectious mononucleosis, especially since monocytosis can be observed on blood smears. A study conducted in the United States showed that only 48% of mothers who gave birth to congenitally infected infants could recall clinical signs suitable with toxoplasmosis during their pregnancy (42). More rarely but not exceptionally, toxoplasmic chorioretinitis with visual impairment may reveal primary infection (72,232), although it was previously thought that ocular toxoplasmosis was the result of congenital infection.…”

Section: Toxoplasmosis In Immunocompetent Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

2012

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SUMMARY The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii was discovered a little over 100 years ago, but knowledge of its biological life cycle and its medical importance has grown in the last 40 years. This obligate intracellular parasite was identified early as a pathogen responsible for congenital infection, but its clinical expression and the importance of reactivations of infections in immunocompromised patients were recognized later, in the era of organ transplantation and HIV infection. Recent knowledge of host cell-parasite interactions and of parasite virulence has brought new insights into the comprehension of the pathophysiology of infection. In this review, we focus on epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, putting them in perspective with current knowledge of parasite genotypes. In particular, we provide critical information on diagnostic methods according to the patient's background and discuss the implementation of screening tools for congenital toxoplasmosis according to health policies.

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Section: Toxoplasmosis In Immunocompetent Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

2012

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“…However, we believe that health education for women of childbearing age is extremely important to prevent maternal toxoplasmosis (5,14,16,19). If women conceive, they should be educated regarding their eating habits and the value of good hygiene at the first visit for antenatal care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Toxoplasma Antibody Prevalence, Primary Infection Rate, and Risk Factors in a Study of Toxoplasmosis in 4,466 Pregnant Women in Japan

Sakikawa

Noda

Hanaoka

et al. 2011

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

100

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bToxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii and is prevalent worldwide under various climatic conditions. It is usually asymptomatic, but infection in pregnant women can pose serious health problems for the fetus. However, epidemiological information regarding toxoplasmosis in Japanese pregnant women is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, the primary infection rate, and the risk factors for toxoplasmosis in Japanese pregnant women. We measured anti-Toxoplasma antibody titers in 4,466 pregnant women over a period of 7.5 years and simultaneously conducted interviews to identify the risk factors for toxoplasmosis. The overall prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was 10.3%, and it was significantly higher in women aged above 35 years. The rate of primary Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy was estimated to be 0.25%. A possibility of infection in the later stages of pregnancy was identified for those women who were not infected in the early stages. A history of raw meat intake was identified to be a risk factor related to toxoplasmosis. Therefore, to lower the risk of toxoplasmosis, pregnant women should refrain from eating raw and undercooked meat and maintain personal hygiene.

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“…The prevalence of the disease in different countries depends mainly on eating habits of the population. Manipulation and consumption of raw or undercooked meat pose a health risk especially for pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients (Dubey et al 2002, Boyer et al 2005 and in a large-scale study conducted in six European countries it was found to be the reasons of 30-63% cases of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women (Cook et al 2000). Similarly, Wilson and McAuley (1999) reported a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis associated with the consumption of undercooked meat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected pigs

Turčeková

Antolová

Reiterová

et al. 2013

Acta Parasitologica

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The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded vertebrates. The data about the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in slaughter pigs in the Slovak Republic are still missing. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pigs from Slovakia during the period of 2006-2010 by ELISA and PCR methods. In sera of 970 slaughter pigs, 2.16% seropositivity to T. gondii was detected. In tissue samples of seropositive pigs the presence of T. gondii DNA was confirmed. In six monitored Slovak regions the seropositivity varied between 1.11 and 3.48%. The statistically significant differences were recorded between the Košice and Prešov region. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in sows (4.26%) was two times higher than that in slaughter pigs (2.06%) (OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 0.48-9.36). Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of seropositive pig isolates was confirmed by TGR1E and B1 genes and analysis of DNA polymorphism at SAG2 and ROP1 genes revealed the presence of virulent strain of genotype I in 85.7% of infected pigs and an avirulent strain (genotype II) in 14.3% of pigs.

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Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: Implications for prenatal management and screening

Cited by 229 publications

References 33 publications

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

Anti-Toxoplasma Antibody Prevalence, Primary Infection Rate, and Risk Factors in a Study of Toxoplasmosis in 4,466 Pregnant Women in Japan

Occurrence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected pigs

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