Risk factors for the development of adjacent segment disease following anterior cervical arthrodesis for degenerative cervical disease: Comparison between fusion methods

Adjacent segment degeneration after single-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion: Disc space distraction and its impact on clinical outcomes

“…However, many biomechanical and clinical studies have reported that surgical arthrodesis influences the mechanical properties of intervertebral discs at adjacent levels. Loss of normal kinematics of the cervical spine is the major disadvantage of ACDF, which may lead to degeneration at adjacent levels [7][8][9].…”

“…Several authors have focused on the correlation between ASD and abnormal cervical alignment. Risk factors for the development of ASD have been proposed in the literature, including age, sagittal alignment, range of motion of the cervical spine, and spinal canal stenosis [7][8][9].…”

Relationship between cervical sagittal alignment and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis

“…Earlier studies addressed the surgical management of cervical deformities in AS [5,8,14], and some authors have investigated cervical alignment to predict the development of adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical surgery [15,17]. However, relatively few studies have addressed relations between AS and specific radiologic cervical parameters.…”

“…In particular, C2-S1 and C7-S1 SVAs are maintained to ensure alignment of the spine over the pelvis and femoral heads [11]. In degenerative cervical diseases, some parameters, that is, C2-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 SVA, T1 slope, and TS-CL, can be used to assess cervical sagittal balance [15,17]. Therefore, if cervical sagittal parameters are changed by disease, one could theorize that alterations in cervical sagittal alignment might affect clinical outcomes.…”

Adjacent level disease-background and update based on disc replacement data

“…They also found that smoking (p = 0.008) and female sex (p = 0.031) were risk factors for re-operation. Song et al [25] found the same risk factors as the Lee [22] study but added that plate augmentation for ACDF lowered the rate of RASP as well. While plate usage has decreased the risk of RASP, plate position may also play a role.…”