Risk factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in dogs with lymphoma receiving cyclophosphamide with or without concurrent administration of furosemide: 216 cases (1990–1996)

Abstract

Analysis of results suggested an association between i.v. administration of furosemide concurrently with cyclophosphamide and decreased incidence of cyclophosphamide-associated SHC. Incidence of cyclophosphamide-associated SHC was similar in treated dogs that did not receive concurrent furosemide to that observed for other studies in which cyclophosphamide was administered orally. Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC appeared to develop early during the course of chemotherapy when furosemide was not administered concurrently with cyclophosphamide.

Mesna and furosemide for prevention of cyclophosphamide‐induced sterile haemorrhagic cystitis in dogs – a retrospective study

“…It is possible that risk factors could not be identified due to the low number of dogs with SHC (n=6). Higher single doses as well as higher cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide and a prolonged application of cyclophosphamide have been described in dogs by other authors (Crow and others 1977, Hirschberger and others 2000, Charney and others 2003, Frimberger and others 2006, Gaeta and others 2012), as risk factors. Gaeta and others (2012) also reported a higher incidence of SHC in dogs of lower age, but the younger dogs received higher doses of cyclophosphamide which could also have contributed to the development of SHC.…”

“…Charney and others (2003) evaluated furosemide for SHC prophylaxis in dogs treated with cyclophosphamide. Dogs receiving furosemide had a significantly lower incidence of SHC compared with dogs receiving cyclophosphamide without prophylaxis (1.2 vs 9.0 per cent).…”

“…Treatment of SHC is difficult, and if this complication develops, cyclophosphamide has to be discontinued. Anti-inflammatory drugs can be used to treat SHC, but SHC often persists for several weeks despite their use (Crow and others 1977, Charney and others 2003). More invasive methods for treatment of SHC have been described, such as bladder instillation with dilute formalin and surgical intervention (Crow and others 1977, Laing and others 1988).…”

“…There is little information concerning the use of mesna in dogs receiving cyclophosphamide, but what data exist suggest an efficacy for the prevention of SHC in this species, too (Simon and others 2006). Diuresis with furosemide has also been described for the prevention of SHC in dogs (Charney and others 2003, Zenker and others 2010), but in many clinical studies published in the past 15 years no medical prophylaxis of SHC was used in dogs treated with cyclophosphamide (Zemann and others 1998, Boyce and Kitchell 2000, Chun and others 2000, Hosoya and others 2007). Thus far, the relative efficacy of mesna and diuresis with furosemide in dogs receiving cyclophosphamide for the prevention of SHC has not been compared.…”

Lebensqualität und Lebenserwartung am malignen Lymphom erkrankter Hunde unter Chemotherapie

“…Der dafür verantwortliche Cyclophosphamid-Metabolit Acrolein wird renal ausgeschieden und kann sowohl nach einer einmaligen Gabe wie auch nach chronischer Applikation direkt zur Schädigung des Harnblasenepithels führen (CROW et al, 1977;PETERSON et al, 1992;CHARNEY et al, 2003 (MAULDIN et al, 1992).…”