Risk factors for small for gestational age infants

McCowan, Lesley; Horgan, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.06.003

Cited by 311 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Many factors are associated with SGA, such as short stature, prepregnancy underweight, poor gestational weight gain, prior history of SGA, smoking, and cardiovascular-associated diseases [6][7][8][9][10][11]. By contrast, maternal diabetes, obesity, multipara, excessive gestational weight gain, and post-term pregnancy were associated with LGA [3,6,9,[11][12][13].…”

Section: Brief Communication (Original)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for inappropriate birth weight for gestational age

Boriboonhirunsarn

2015

Asian Biomedicine

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Background:Infants with an inappropriate birth weight for their gestational age are more likely to develop complications during pregnancy and postpartum, and have increased long-term health risks. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for infants with inappropriate birth weight for their gestational age. Methods: We enrolled 820 women with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies who gave birth to a live born infant at term. Prepregnancy baseline and obstetric information were extracted from medical records, including body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and infant birth weight. Prevalence of small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants was determined. We compared variables between groups to identify associated factors. Results: Prevalence of SGA was 2.6% and LGA was 10.5%. Prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain were significantly higher in the LGA than in the SGA group (P = 0.041 and < 0.001, respectively). The birth weight and gestational weight gain, but not the prepregnancy BMI, were significantly different (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis determined that inadequate gestational weight gain significantly increased the risk of SGA (adjusted OR 3.20, 95%CI 1.06 to 9.64, P = 0.039), and significantly reduced the risk of LGA (adjusted OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.91, P = 0.028). Excessive gestational weight gain significantly increased the risk of LGA (adjusted OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.30, P = 0.006). There was no significant association with prepregnancy BMI. Conclusions: Controlling gestational weight gain may improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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Section: Brief Communication (Original)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for inappropriate birth weight for gestational age

Boriboonhirunsarn

2015

Asian Biomedicine

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“…SGA (typically defined as a birth weight less than the tenth percentile, according to population birth weights) 12 is an adverse pregnancy outcome with significant negative consequences that may extend into adulthood. SGA is associated with increased mortality risk in the first year of life, in part related to the increased risk of PTB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Low-Income Women

Alhusen

Bullock

Sharps

et al. 2014

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated 1.5 million U.S. women annually. IPV impacts maternal and neonatal health with higher rates of depression and low birth weight (LBW). Less studied is experiencing IPV and delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) baby. SGA neonates are at increased risk of developmental and behavioral problems. The negative sequelae persist into adulthood with increased rates of diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Methods: In a sample of 239 pregnant women experiencing IPV, in urban and rural settings, we examined cross-sectional associations of severity of IPV and neonatal outcomes (i.e., birth weight and gestational age). Severity of IPV was measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale 2 and neonatal outcomes were collected at the time of delivery. Results: Outcomes were collected on 194 neonates; 14.9% (n = 29) were classified as LBW, 19.1% (n = 37) classified as SGA, and 9.8% (n = 19) as LBW and SGA. Women reporting higher severity of IPV during pregnancy had a greater likelihood of delivering an SGA neonate (odds ratio [OR] 4.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.86-12.47), and LBW neonate (OR 4.20;. Conclusions: In a sample of pregnant women experiencing perinatal IPV, women experiencing greater severities of IPV were more likely to deliver a neonate with an adverse outcome. Early recognition and intervention of IPV is essential to reduce disparities in birth outcomes and long-term health outcomes for these neonates.

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“…The second and much more common group includes medical conditions that can affect placental function: pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension are complicated by FGR in 30 to 40% of cases [23]; diabetes is complicated by FGR in 10 to 20% of cases irrespective of glycemic control [25]; maternal vascular disease, renal disease, thrombophilia, autoimmune disease, can lead to uteroplacental hypoperfusion thereby impairing fetal growth [26]; hypoxemia secondary to cardiac, respiratory and hematological disorders may also cause FGR.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early onset fetal growth restriction

Nawathe

Lees

2017

Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecol

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR) diagnosed before 32 weeks is identified by fetal smallness associated with Doppler abnormalities and is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal complications. Recent studies have provided new insights into pathophysiology, management options and postnatal outcomes of FGR. In this paper we review the available evidence regarding diagnosis, management and prognosis of fetuses diagnosed with FGR before 32 weeks of gestation.

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Risk factors for small for gestational age infants

Cited by 311 publications

References 114 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for inappropriate birth weight for gestational age

Prevalence and risk factors for inappropriate birth weight for gestational age

Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Low-Income Women

Early onset fetal growth restriction

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