Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers

Olsen, Samuel J.; Fleisig, Glenn S.; Dun, Shouchen; Loftice, Jeremy; Andrews, James R.

doi:10.1177/0363546505284188

Cited by 542 publications

(508 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…RPE should also not be considered in isolation but should be linked to other objective quantification methods such as volume, loads, jumps, 24 or pitch counts. 25 In addition, other metrics of internal loads should be implemented depending on the sport, the age, and the access to appropriate tools.…”

Section: Load Monitoring In Young Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement

Bourdon¹,

Cardinale²,

Murray³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

658

735

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Monitoring the load placed on athletes in both training and competition has become a very hot topic in sport science. Both scientists and coaches routinely monitor training loads using multidisciplinary approaches, and the pursuit of the best methodologies to capture and interpret data has produced an exponential increase in empirical and applied research. Indeed, the field has developed with such speed in recent years that it has given rise to industries aimed at developing new and novel paradigms to allow us to precisely quantify the internal and external loads placed on athletes and to help protect them from injury and ill health. In February 2016, a conference on "Monitoring Athlete Training Loads-The Hows and the Whys" was convened in Doha, Qatar, which brought together experts from around the world to share their applied research and contemporary practices in this rapidly growing field and also to investigate where it may branch to in the future. This consensus statement brings together the key findings and recommendations from this conference in a shared conceptual framework for use by coaches, sport-science and -medicine staff, and other related professionals who have an interest in monitoring athlete training loads and serves to provide an outline on what athlete-load monitoring is and how it is being applied in research and practice, why load monitoring is important and what the underlying rationale and prospective goals of monitoring are, and where athlete-load monitoring is heading in the future.

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Section: Load Monitoring In Young Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement

Bourdon¹,

Cardinale²,

Murray³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

658

735

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main source of concern stems from the ability of young people to be able to reliably assess the perceived exertion, 45 as well as potential language 46 and cultural issues with anchoring scales when translated from the original constructs. This means that objectively, depending on the sport, you can measure a number of factors such as volume, loads, jumps, 47 or pitch counts 48,49 without relying too much only on the perception of load.…”

Section: Objectifying Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the Training Load in Adolescent Athletes

Murray¹

2017

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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While historically adolescents were removed from their parents to prepare to become warriors, this process repeats itself in modern times but with the outcome being athletic performance. This review considers the process of developing athletes and managing load against the backdrop of differing approaches of conserving and maximizing the talent available. It acknowledges the typical training "dose" that adolescent athletes receive across a number of sports and the typical "response" when it is excessive or not managed appropriately. It also examines the best approaches to quantifying load and injury risk, acknowledging the relative strengths and weaknesses of subjective and objective approaches. Making evidence-based decisions is emphasized, while the appropriate monitoring techniques are determined by both the sporting context and individual situation. Ultimately a systematic approach to training-load monitoring is recommended for adolescent athletes to both maximize their athletic development and allow an opportunity for learning, reflection, and enhancement of performance knowledge of coaches and practitioners.

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“…6 Short-term effects of shoulder injuries include pain and reduction in athletic participation, whereas long-term effects can result in lifelong shoulder pain, instability, and osteoarthritis. 7 Previous epidemiologic surveys of shoulder injuries in athletes have focused on their occurrence in specific sports, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the mechanics of shoulder injuries in repetitive throwing sports, [18][19][20][21] risk factors of specific body part injuries (including shoulder) in specific sports, 5,[22][23][24][25] and diagnosis of particular types of shoulder injuries. 6,[26][27][28] One previous study investigated all shoulder injuries among high school athletes during 2 academic years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005/2006–2011/2012

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Shoulder injuries are common among high school athletes. These injuries, both traumatic and overuse, contribute to significant time loss from athletic activity. Understanding sport-specific injury patterns is critical for development of targeted injury prevention programs. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study is the most comprehensive analysis of high school shoulder injuries to date, providing national injury estimates while examining injury rates, diagnoses, severity, and mechanisms of injury in 9 interscholastic sports. abstract OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe shoulder injuries in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes playing 9 sports. A national estimate of shoulder injuries among high school athletes was subsequently calculated.METHODS: Injury data were collected in 9 sports (boys' football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball; girls ' soccer, volleyball, basketball, and softball) high school athletes in this study sustained 2798 shoulder injuries during 13 002 321 athlete exposures, for an injury rate of 2.15 per 10 000 athlete exposures. This corresponds to a nationally estimated 820 691 injuries during this time period. Rates of injury were higher in competition as compared with practice (rate ratio = 3.17 [95% confidence interval: 2.94-3.41]). The highest rate of injury was in football (4.86) and the lowest in girls' soccer (0.42). The most common types of injury were strain/sprain (37.9%) and dislocation/separation (29.2%). Boys were more likely than girls to sustain their injuries after contact with another person or with the playing surface. Surgical repair was required for 7.9% of the injuries. Time loss from athletic participation varied among sports, with 40.7% of athletes returning within 1 week, whereas 8.2% were medically disqualified for their season/career. CONCLUSIONS:High school shoulder injury rates and patterns varied by sport and gender. Prospective epidemiologic surveillance is warranted to discern trends and patterns to develop evidence-based interventions to prevent shoulder injuries. Pediatrics 2014;133:272-279

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Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers

Abstract: New recommendations were made based on these results. Adherence to the recommendations may reduce the incidence of significant injury to adolescent pitchers.

Cited by 542 publications

References 20 publications

Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement

Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement

Managing the Training Load in Adolescent Athletes

Shoulder Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005/2006–2011/2012

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