: Risk factors for seropositivity and association with coronary heart disease

Mendall, Michael A.; Carrington, David; Strachan, David P.; Patel, Praful; Molineaux, N.; Lévi, J.M. Hannoun; Toosey, Tahir; Camm, A. John; Northfield, T. C.

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(95)80006-9

Cited by 183 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In agreement with our finding in EH, clinically significant associations with high levels of IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae, but not with C. pneumoniae infection in which the levels of these antibodies are low, have been described in other cardiovascular diseases. [18][19][20] On the basis of these results, Neumann et al 18 who analysed the frequency of restenosis after coronary stenting in relation with the titer of IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae, suggested that it is not the C. pneumoniae infection as such but the variable host response to infection that affects the clinical end point. We do not know whether the above-mentioned high levels of sIgGa-Cp in our population are the consequence of characteristics of the host response to infection or are the consequence of pathogen peculiarities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of HLA-DRB3*0202 and serum IgG antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae with essential hypertension in a highly homogeneous population from Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)

Zabay¹,

Marco

Soler³

et al. 2005

J Hum Hypertens

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Separate studies investigating the relationship of essential hypertension (EH) with the HLA system and with Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection have given conflicting results. Our aim was to clarify these relationships and determine whether the HLA system and C. pneumoniae infection interact with respect to the risk for EH. An association study (110 essential hypertensives and 107 controls) was conducted in a highly homogeneous population in the Balearic Island of Majorca (Spain). Molecular typing of HLA-B and HLA-DRB and quantification of serum levels of IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae (sIgGa-Cp) were determined. Student's t-test, v 2 -statistics, logistic regression analysis, and general linear model ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that EH was related with HLA-DRB3*0202 in the whole study population, and with levels of sIgGa-Cp463.5 BU/ ml in the group of individuals with sIgGa-Cp430 BU/ml (OR (95% CI) adjusted for obesity, familial history of EH and diabetes ¼ 2.06 (1.07-3.97), P ¼ 0.03, and ¼ 4.60 (1.06-19.90), P ¼ 0.04, respectively). The association between EH and sIgGa-Cp was observed in the DRB3*0202( þ ) individuals, but not in the DRB3*0202(À) subgroup (OR (95% CI) ¼ 11.14 (1.92-64.54), P ¼ 0.004, and ¼ 0.98 (0.22-4.43), P ¼ 0.64, respectively (P of the Mantel-Haenszel test for homogeneity of OR ¼ 0.06)). In our population, EH was positively associated with HLA-DRB3*0202 and with high levels of sIgGa-Cp. Moreover, a significant interaction of DRB3*0202 on the effect of sIgGa-Cp was observed, as the association of EH with these antibodies depended on the presence of DRB3*0202.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of HLA-DRB3*0202 and serum IgG antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae with essential hypertension in a highly homogeneous population from Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)

Zabay¹,

Marco

Soler³

et al. 2005

J Hum Hypertens

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“…It can cause acute and chronic pulmonary infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis and pharyngitis in both adults and children. 1 Several studies have documented an association between serologic evidence of C. pneumoniae infection and various forms of vascular disease, such as coronary heart disease, [2][3][4] carotid atherosclerotic lesions 5,6 and ischaemic cerebrovascular disease. 7 However, a number of studies have failed to establish such an association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae but not Epstein–Barr antibodies in essential hypertensives

et al. 2003

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Conflicting data exist regarding the relationship between Chlamydophila pneunoniae (C. pneumoniae) and hypertension. In this study, both C. pneumoniae IgG and IgA titres and Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels were measured in 146 sustained hypertensives defined by 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and 54 normotensives. C. pneumoniae antibodies were measured by microimmunofluorescence test. IgGX80 and IgAX40 were defined as elevated antibody titres. Epstein-Barr antibodies were measured in order to investigate whether a possible association exists between hypertension and other, similarly widespread in the general population, intracellular microorganisms. All participants underwent casual blood pressure (BP) readings and 24 h ABPM. Subjects having mean 24 h systolic/diastolic ambulatory BP4125/80 mmHg, with or without antihypertensive medication were defined as hypertensives. Controls were free of any history or clinical evidence of hypertension, cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. Of the total participants, 77 hypertensives (52.7%) and 10 normotensives (18.5%) had IgA titres X40 (crosstabs Po0.000), whereas 76 hypertensives (52.1%) and 15 normotensives (27.8%) had IgG titres X80, (crosstabs Po0.002). No difference was found in Epstein-Barr antibodies, between hypertensives and normotensives. In conclusion, C. pneumoniae, but not Epstein-Barr, antibody levels were found significantly higher in sustained hypertensives, suggesting high frequency of chronic C. pneumoniae, infections in this specific group of patients.

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“…Recent studies have indicated a possible association between persistent ChZamydia pneumoniae infection and several chronic diseases of major importance for public health, including coronary heart disease (CHD) [ 1-31, adultonset asthma [4] and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [5,61. The significance of smoking as a major risk factor for COPD and CHD is indisputable, whereas the role of smoking as a confounder of C. pneumoniae infection has remained controversial [1][2][3]71. The question of whether smoking and the presence of C. pneumoniae antibodies are independent variables It is well recognised that smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infections and malignancies of several sites than non-smokers [S, 91.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses to Chlamydia pneumoniae in twins in relation to gender and smoking

Hertzen

Surcel

Kaprio

et al. 1998

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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This study investigated whether gender or smoking has an impact on immune responses to Chlumydiapneumoniue in generally healthy adults. A total of 129 twins (46 twin pairs and 37 single twins) from the Finnish %in Cohort who had previously reported the highest discordance for smoking with their co-twins participated. C. pneumoniue-specific serum IgA and IgG antibody levels were measured by the micro-immunofluorescence test (micro-IF) at admission and 3 months later if the IgA level in the first sample was elevated. Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to C. pneumoniae and control antigens from heparinised blood samples were assessed by the lymphoproliferation (LP) assay. When all the subjects were pooled and analysed by gender and smoking status, marked differences in the humoral immune response between the genders were observed, irrespective of smoking status. When twin pairs solely were analysed, significantly elevated IgA antibody levels suggestive of persistent infection were found among the currently or formerly smoking men compared to their non-smoking co-twins. The CMI response showed a reciprocal trend with respect to humoral immunity. In conclusion, specific antibody levels were found to be higher in men than in women irrespective of smoking status, although smoking may further enhance the humoral response and depress the CMI response in men.

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: Risk factors for seropositivity and association with coronary heart disease

Cited by 183 publications

References 22 publications

Association of HLA-DRB3*0202 and serum IgG antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae with essential hypertension in a highly homogeneous population from Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)

Association of HLA-DRB3*0202 and serum IgG antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae with essential hypertension in a highly homogeneous population from Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)

Increased prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae but not Epstein–Barr antibodies in essential hypertensives

Immune responses to Chlamydia pneumoniae in twins in relation to gender and smoking

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