Risk factors for recurrent respiratory tract infections or acute respiratory failure in children with spinal muscular atrophy

Abstract

Introduction: Assessment of and intervention for sleep-disordered breathing and malnutrition are related to respiratory management for preventing recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) and acute respiratory failure (ARF) in children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). However, the specific standard has not been clarified. Purpose: The study aimed to obtain the risk factors and the predictive index for RRTIs and/or ARF in children with SMA. Methods: In this retrospective study, the differences in clinical characteristics in patients with or without RRTIs and ARF were compared, and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. The best cutoff points of the positive predictive index were obtained. Results: Type 1 (OR = 4.12, 95% CI 1.30-13.07, P =.016) and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.24, P =.001) were risk factors, while body mass index z score (BMIz) (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.94, P =.018) and mean pulse oxygen saturation (MSpO ) (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.91, P =.010) were protective factors. The sensitivity and specificity of the standard of MSpO < 96% and AHI > 10 events/h or BMIz < -1 with the occurrence of RRTIs and/or ARF were 0.513 and 0.957, respectively. Conclusion: SMA Type 1, BMIz, AHI and MSpO should be used to estimate the risk for RRTI or ARF in children with SMA. MSpO < 96%, and AHI > 10 events/h or BMIz < -1 should be used as the intervention standard.