Risk Factors for Postoperative Pneumonia: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

BackgroundPostoperative pneumonia is a preventable complication associated with adverse outcomes, that greatly aggravates the medical expenses of patients. The goal of our study is to identify risk factors and outcomes of postoperative pneumonia.MethodsA matched 1:1 case-control study, including adult patients who underwent surgery between January 2020 and June 2020, was conducted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in China. Cases included all patients developing postoperative pneumonia within 30 days after surgery, defined using consensus criteria. Controls were selected randomly from the matched eligible population.ResultsOut of 17,190 surgical patients, 264 (1.54%) experienced postoperative pneumonia. Increased age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emergency surgery, postoperative reduced albumin, prolonged ventilation, and longer duration of bed rest were identified as significant risk factors independently associated with postoperative pneumonia. Regarding prognostic implications, postoperative pneumonia was associated with longer length of hospital stay, higher ICU occupancy rate, higher unplanned re-operation rate, and higher in-hospital mortality rate. Postoperative pneumonia was most commonly caused by Gram-negative pathogens, and multidrug resistant bacteria accounted for approximately 16.99% of cases.ConclusionsPostoperative pneumonia is associated with severe clinical outcomes. We identified six independent risk factors that can aid in risk stratification and management of patients at risk of postoperative pneumonia, and the distribution of causative pathogens can also help in the implementation of effective interventions.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier: chiCTR2100045986.

Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing resection for non-small cell lung cancer

“…A study found a higher incidence of POP in COPD patients compared to those without this disease 21 . A study by Xiang et al 22 showed a 4.5 times higher incidence of POP in patients with COPD than in unaffected patients. Similarly, the results of our study demonstrated a significantly higher rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the POP group (p=0.031).…”

Diagnosis and Treatment of Postoperative Dyspnea: Literature Review

“…Increased age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emergency surgery, decreased postoperative albumin, prolonged ventilation, and longer duration of bed rest were identified as significant risk factors independently associated with postoperative pneumonia. Postoperative pneumonia is most commonly caused by gramnegative pathogens and multidrug-resistant bacteria accounted for approximately 16.99% of cases [30].…”

An assessment of burden of hospital-acquired pneumonia among abdominal surgical patients in tertiary university hospital in Serbia: A matched nested case-control study

“…investigated the clinical features of patients with HAP after general and digestive surgery and found that esophagectomy accounted for 33% of patients with registred HAP, however in the total number of operated patients, this type of operation represented only 5 % (19). Recently published matched 1:1 case-control study, conducted on adult patients who underwent surgery between January 2020 and June 2020, showed that 2.69% of 1,300 patients after general and digestive surgery acquired HAP (20). Our earlier study showed that 1.4% of all abdominal surgery patients developed HAP in the postoperative period (17).…”