Risk factors for pathological gambling along a continuum of severity: Individual and relational variables

Cunha, Diana; Sousa, Bruno de; Relvas, Ana Paula

doi:10.4309/jgi.2017.35.3

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…In the impulsivity, moderate gamblers were higher than non-problem or low risk gamblers. This is consistent with the previous studies [21,22]. Problem gamblers are prone to impulse control disorders [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The prevalence rates of gambling addiction were 20.5% among male students and 8.6% among female students. There are other studies which identified male students are more serious than female students in a gambling problem [19][20][21][22]. Huang et al identified 4.3% of male students and 0.4% of female students as problem or pathological gamblers in the USA [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gambling Problem by Gambler Sub-Types among College Students in Korea

2019

IJRTE

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This study aims to investigate a seriousness of gambling problems by gambler sub-type among college students in Korea. Data were collected from 581 college students of Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, and Gyeongsang-do area through the questionnaire and a total of 577 questionnaires were statistically processed excluding the questionnaires of missing answers. To analyze the gambling problems by gambler sub-types among college students, a cross-sectional research design was used in the study. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Among the 577 respondents of this study, 62.2% had gambling experience and especially 6.1% had illegal gambling experience. The prevalence rate of gambling addiction by the Canadian problem gambling index was 14.0% in this study. A significant statistical difference between gambler sub-types in gender, college grade, spending money, beginning of the first gambling, illegal gambling experience, route to start gambling, self-esteem, impulsivity, and irrational gambling belief was found in this study. The number of respondents who knew free counselling centers when there was a gambling problem was only 20 (3.5%), so it is quite required to carry out preventive education and to publicize free counselling centers for a gambling problem. In case that the respondents have a gambling problem, what they wanted to be supported most was psychotherapy and counseling, family counseling, hospital treatment, group therapy or Gamblers Anonymous meeting, and financial and legal consultation. It is required to continue further surveys on gambling among college students and to take a proper measure preventing a gambling problem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambling Problem by Gambler Sub-Types among College Students in Korea

2019

IJRTE

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“…Our selection of risk factors was informed by recent reviews of the literature [4,8,9,10,20,22,23,24], but was necessarily limited to factors that could be measured by self-report.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multivariate Evaluation of 25 Proximal and Distal Risk-Factors for Gambling-Related Harm

Browne

Hing

Russell

et al. 2019

JCM

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Individual differences in the risk of developing gambling-related harm play an important role in theoretical models and practical interventions. The present study attempted comprehensive measurement and evaluation of 25 known risk factors for gambling-related harm in order to determine which factors provided large and unique explanatory power. We surveyed 1650 regular gamblers from an online panel, screening in 1174 (466 male) who passed all checks of attention and response consistency. We evaluated each risk factor based on bivariate correlations with harms, then made separate multivariate evaluations of proximal (e.g., gambling motivations) and distal (e.g., religiosity) risk factors. Almost all bivariate correlations were significant, but most distal factors were not significant in multivariate models. Trait impulsivity was the most important risk factor by a large margin. Excessive consumption, less use of safe gambling practices, and more fallacies were key proximal risks of harm. Many well-known correlates of gambling harm (e.g., youth, lower educational attainment) do not show a direct role in the development of gambling harm when controlling for other factors. The results support theoretical models that emphasise early conditioning and biological vulnerability (manifested through impulsivity). Since maladaptive cognitive and behavioural schemas appear to be more important than motivations (e.g., escape, excitement, ego), interventions may benefit by targeting these proximal drivers of harm.

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“…A large number of demographic factors have been shown to be predictors of adult gambling problems. Poor academic performance [ 61 ] and lower educational attainment [ 59 , 60 , 68 ] are commonly identified risk factors. Male gender is as another key risk factor, with young men being several times more likely to experience problems than many other age-gender categories [ 58 , 60 , 61 , 63 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor academic performance [ 61 ] and lower educational attainment [ 59 , 60 , 68 ] are commonly identified risk factors. Male gender is as another key risk factor, with young men being several times more likely to experience problems than many other age-gender categories [ 58 , 60 , 61 , 63 ]. Young women, as well as men, are generally more likely to experience problems [ 59 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for indirect elicitation of the public health impact of gambling problems

et al. 2020

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Gambling problems are increasingly understood as a health-related condition, with harms from excessive time and money expenditure contributing to significant population morbidity. In many countries, the prevalence of gambling problems is known with some precision. However, the true severity of gambling problems in terms of their impact on health and wellbeing is the subject of ongoing debate. We firstly review recent research that has attempted to estimate harm from gambling, including studies that estimate disability weights using direct elicitation. Limitations of prior approaches are discussed, most notably potential inflation due to non-independent comorbidity with other substance use and mental health conditions, and potential biases in the subjective attribution of morbidity to gambling. An alternative indirect elicitation approach is outlined, and a conceptual framework for its application to gambling is provided. Significant risk factors for propensity to develop gambling problems are enumerated, and relative risks for comorbidities are calculated from recent meta-analyses and reviews. Indirect elicitation provides a promising alternative framework for assessing the causal link between gambling problems and morbidity. This approach requires implementation of propensity score matching to estimate the counterfactual, and demands high quality information of risk factors and comorbid conditions, in order to estimate the unique contribution of gambling problems. Gambling harm is best understood as a decrement to health utility. However, achieving consensus on the severity of gambling problems requires triangulation of results from multiple methodologies. Indirect elicitation with propensity score matching and accounting for comorbidities would provide an important step towards full integration of gambling within a public health paradigm.

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Risk factors for pathological gambling along a continuum of severity: Individual and relational variables

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Gambling Problem by Gambler Sub-Types among College Students in Korea

Gambling Problem by Gambler Sub-Types among College Students in Korea

A Multivariate Evaluation of 25 Proximal and Distal Risk-Factors for Gambling-Related Harm

A framework for indirect elicitation of the public health impact of gambling problems

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