Risk factors for pancreatic cancer: underlying mechanisms and potential targets

Kolodecik, Thomas R.; Shugrue, Christine; Ashat, Munish; Thrower, Edwin C.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00415

Cited by 82 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…Repeated insults such as smoking lead to the activation of nuclear transcription factor kB, which is involved in various inflammatory signaling pathways. It induces a number of cytokines within the pancreas, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-a (9,33). Indeed, a previous Italian cross-sectional study in 1123 participants showed that higher fasting plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA were inversely associated with plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-a, independently of several confounding factors (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish, n–3 PUFA consumption, and pancreatic cancer risk in Japanese: a large, population-based, prospective cohort study

Hidaka¹,

Shimazu²,

Sawada³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Most previous prospective studies in Western countries found no association between consumption of fish and n-3 (v-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for which the main source is fish, and pancreatic cancer risk. However, prospective evidence is still lacking among populations who have a relatively higher fish consumption. Objective: We investigated the association between fish and n-3 PUFA consumption and pancreatic cancer risk in a populationbased, prospective study in Japanese men and women. Design: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC study) has enrolled 140,420 subjects. We analyzed data on 82,024 eligible participants aged 45-74 y without a history of cancer who responded to a validated food-frequency questionnaire that included 138 items in 1995 for cohort I and in 1998 for cohort II. Participants were followed through 2010. HRs and corresponding 95% CIs for the highest compared with lowest quartile were calculated by using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: During 1,068,774 person-years of follow-up, 449 newly diagnosed pancreatic cancers were identified. After the exclusion of pancreatic cancer cases in the first 3 y of follow-up, we found an inverse association of marine n-3 PUFA (EPA+DPA+DHA) and DHA consumption with pancreatic cancer risk: compared with the lowest quartile, multivariate-adjusted HRs in the highest quartile were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.95; P-trend = 0.07) and 0.69 (0.51, 0.94; P-trend = 0.03), respectively. Associations for total fish, n-3 PUFA, EPA, and DPA consumption were similar but were not significant. Conclusion: High n-3 PUFA, especially marine n-3 PUFAs, and DHA consumption was associated with a lower risk of pancreatic cancer in a population with a large variation in fish consumption, although the data apply to only a portion of the JPHC study subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic inflammation is deeply involved in the development of pancreatic cancer (32,33). n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects (9,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish, n–3 PUFA consumption, and pancreatic cancer risk in Japanese: a large, population-based, prospective cohort study

Hidaka¹,

Shimazu²,

Sawada³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Of these, pancreatitis (including its acute and chronic forms) is one of the most frequently studied diseases. Although the pathogenesis mechanisms underlying the role of pancreatitis in PC etiology are still unclear, the molecular pathway for this association had been put forward by several hypotheses (Sakorafas et al, 2012;Gukovsky et al, 2013;Pinho et al, 2014;Kolodecik et al, 2014). Just like other benign diseases are associated with an increased cancer risk in the target organs (e.g., hepatitis and liver cancer, gastritis and gastric cancer), increased cell turnover and defective DNA repair in pancreatitis cases could lead to the occurrence of PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Pancreatitis and Subsequent Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

Tong¹,

Geng²,

Chai³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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This study aimed to summarize published epidemiological evidence for the relationship between pancreatitis and subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). We searched Medline and Embase for epidemiological studies published by February 5 th , 2014 examining the risk of PC in pancreatitis patients using highly inclusive algorithms. Information about first author, year of publication, country of study, recruitment period, type of pancreatitis, study design, sample size, source of controls and attained age of subjects were extracted by two researchers and Stata 11.0 was used to perform the statistical analyses and examine publication bias. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with the random effects model. A total of 17 articles documenting 3 cohort and 14 case-control studies containing 14,667 PC cases and 17,587 pancreatitis cases were included in this study. The pooled OR between pancreatitis and PC risk was 7.05 (95%CI: 6.42-7.75). Howeever, the pooled ORs of case-control and cohort studies were 4.62 (95%CI: 4.08-5.22) and 16.3 (95%CI: 14.3-18.6) respectively. The risk of PC was the highest in patients with chronic pancreatitis (pooled OR=10.35; 95%CI: 9.13-11.75), followed by unspecified type of pancreatitis (pooled OR=6.41; 95%CI: 4.93-8.34), both acute and chronic pancreatitis (pooled OR=6.13; 95%CI: 5.00-7.52), and acute pancreatitis (pooled OR=2.12; 95%CI: 1.59-2.83). The pooled OR of PC in pancreatitis cases diagnosed within 1 year was the highest (pooled OR=23.3; 95%CI: 14.0-38.9); and the risk in subjects diagnosed with pancreatitis for no less than 2, 5 and 10 years were 3.03 (95%CI: 2.41-3.81), 2.82 (95%CI: 2.12-3.76) and 2.25 (95%CI: 1.59-3.19) respectively. Pancreatitis, especially chronic pancreatitis, was associated with a significantly increased risk of PC; and the risk decreased with increasing duration since diagnosis of pancreatitis.

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“…It contains adipocytes, connective tissue matrices, nerve tissue, stromovascular cells, and immune cells (11). Excess adiposity leads to chronic, low-grade inflammation, which, among other factors, has been implicated in cancer development (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Increasing adiposity may act via the dysregulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines to contribute to the development of cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose-Derived Stems Cells and Their Role in Human Cancer Development, Growth, Progression, and Metastasis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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Obesity is a well recognized risk factor for several types of cancers, many of which occur solely or disproportionately in women. Adipose tissue is a rich source of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC), which have received attention for their role in cancer behavior. The purpose of this systematic review is to present the existing literature on the role of ASCs in the growth, development, progression, and metastasis of cancer, with an emphasis on malignancies that primarily affect women. To accomplish this goal, the bibliographic database PubMed was systematically searched for articles published between 2001 and 2014 that address ASCs' relationship to human cancer. Thirty-seven articles on ASCs' role in human cancer were reviewed. Literature suggests that ASCs exhibit cancer-promoting properties, influence/are influenced by the tumor microenvironment, promote angiogenesis, and may be associated with pathogenic processes through a variety of mechanisms, such as playing a role in hypoxic tumor microenvironment. ASCs appear to be important contributors to tumor behavior, but research in areas specific to women's cancers, specifically endometrial cancer, is scarce. Also, because obesity continues to be a major health concern, it is important to continue research in this area to improve understanding of the impact adiposity has on cancer incidence. Cancer Res; 75(7); 1161-8. Ó2015 AACR.

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Risk factors for pancreatic cancer: underlying mechanisms and potential targets

Cited by 82 publications

References 194 publications

Fish, n–3 PUFA consumption, and pancreatic cancer risk in Japanese: a large, population-based, prospective cohort study

Fish, n–3 PUFA consumption, and pancreatic cancer risk in Japanese: a large, population-based, prospective cohort study

Association Between Pancreatitis and Subsequent Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

Adipose-Derived Stems Cells and Their Role in Human Cancer Development, Growth, Progression, and Metastasis: A Systematic Review

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