Risk factors for ocular surface damage in Mexican patients with dry eye disease: a population-based study

Abstract

PurposeTo analyze potential risk factors for ocular surface damage in a representative population of Mexican patients with dry eye disease (DED).Patients and methodsA prospective and cross-sectional population-based epidemiologic cohort study was conducted through a survey of patients with symptoms, signs, known preexisting diagnosis, and clinical conditions related to DED. Fluorescein staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), and Oxford lissamine green staining were performed on both eyes of patients enrolled in the study.ResultsA total of 2,725 surveys including 1,543 (56.6%) women and 1,182 (43.3%) men were analyzed. Most common pre-existing diagnosis included dry eye (58%), chronic blepharitis (17%), and ocular allergy (15%). More than 70% of patients had a positive fluorescein test, and this prevalence increased proportionally to the number of reasons for consultation. The same was true for gender (P<0.001) and age (P<0.0001), with women showing a strong correlation with age (R2=0.93912, P=0.001). The association between positive fluorescein staining and diagnosis was significant for dry eye (P<0.0001), Sjögren’s syndrome (P<0.0001), and glaucoma (P<0.05). No significant association between TBUT and age or gender was found, but the shorter the TBUT, the larger the prevalence of fluorescein staining. Reduced TBUT was seen more frequently in patients with dry eye (57%), ocular allergy (16%), and chronic blepharitis (15%). Most patients (39%) with Oxford grades III and IV were older, complained of red eye (51.0%), foreign body sensation (47.0%), burning (46.0%), and were using eye drops (67%) and systemic medications (47%).ConclusionThe Mexican profile of patients with significant ocular surface damage related to DED includes women at older ages, complaining of red eye, foreign body, and burning sensation. Diagnoses of dry eye, Sjögren’s syndrome, and glaucoma were also risk factors for significant ocular surface damage, along with long-term use of preserved eyes drops and systemic medications.

Descriptive Epidemiology in Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis in the Last 5 Years in Northern Mexico

“…In our population, when reviewing the first and subsequent consultations, we observed that patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis require constant evaluation given the episodes of exacerbation of their symptoms, especially in the months of March, April and August. This is striking since it matches the pollination peaks of Cynodon dactylon and Fraxinus americana [8], the most frequent allergens found in patient´s skin tests. Dermatophagoides which is present throughout the year, with peaks during spring and autumn due to the ideal conditions of temperature and humidity of our region, also match with patient´s the clinical manifestations.…”

A Practical Approach to Severity Classification and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Proposal from the Mexican Dry Eye Disease Expert Panel

“… 1 It is accompanied by many symptoms, including burning, dryness and foreign body sensation, and visual fluctuation that interfere significantly with everyday activities such as reading, driving, watching television, and viewing electronic devices with a digital screen. 2 , 3 …”

“…13 Rodriguez-Garcia et al reported a 63% prevalence of DED in a population-based study that included patients from 10 Mexican states. 3 The authors found the prevalence of positive corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) increased from 66% to 92% depending on whether patients seek ophthalmological attention with one or ≥4 eye complaints, respectively. 3 …”

“… 3 The authors found the prevalence of positive corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) increased from 66% to 92% depending on whether patients seek ophthalmological attention with one or ≥4 eye complaints, respectively. 3 …”

The Efficacy of Kohl (Surma) and Erythromycin in Treatment of Blepharitis: An Open-Label Clinical Trial

“…Blepharitis is divided into two anterior and posterior blepharitis classifications. In anterior blepharitis, anterior lid margins are involved, while posterior blepharitis happens due to meibomian glands dysfunctions [1][2][3].…”