Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract–related bacteremia: A case-control study

Saint, Sanjay; Kaufman, Samuel R.; Rogers, Mary A.M.; Baker, PN; Boyko, Edward J.; Lipsky, Benjamin A.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2006.03.001

Cited by 56 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Both Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp.) and non-fermentative bacilli (Pseudomonas spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteremia isolates in patients with urinary tract infection: results from United States and European hospitals (2009–2011)

Sader

Flamm

Jones

2013

Journal of Chemotherapy

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We evaluated the frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from bacteremic patients with UTI from European (EU) and United States (USA) hospitals during a 3-year period (2009-2011). Susceptibility testing was performed by the reference broth microdilution method on 2071 Gram-negative bacilli. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (63·3/71·3% in USA/EU), Klebsiella spp. (16·7/11·2%) and Proteus mirabilis (6·4/5·0%). Escherichia coli susceptibility rates were generally similar in the USA and EU, with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-phenotype rates at 8·1% in both regions. Among Klebsiella spp., ESBL rates varied from 11·4/17·1% in 2009 to 16·1/40·4% in 2011 in USA/EU, and susceptibility rates were generally lower in EU compared to the USA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited lower susceptibility rates to ceftazidime, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam in EU (78·4, 78·4 and 76·5%, respectively) compared to USA (91·2, 88·2 and 91·2%, respectively). In summary, very few antimicrobials provided satisfactory coverage (>90%) when tested against Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa isolates in EU.

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“…[1][2][3] Both Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp.) and non-fermentative bacilli (Pseudomonas spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteremia isolates in patients with urinary tract infection: results from United States and European hospitals (2009–2011)

Sader

Flamm

Jones

2013

Journal of Chemotherapy

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“…In women, smoking is a significant risk factor for bacterial vaginosis [8], recurring human papillomavirus (HPV) infection [9] and for preterm labor [10] and the latter is associated with recurring urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis [10, 11]. Acquisition of nosocomial bacteremia, originating from catheter-associated urinary tract infections, has also been linked to cigarette use within the past five years [12]. Smokers also incur a two- to four-fold increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease, increased severity and risk for influenza and an increased risk of acquiring tuberculosis [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Disrupts CCL20-Mediated Antimicrobial Activity in Respiratory Epithelial Cells

Crane-Godreau¹,

Maccani²,

Eszterhas³

et al. 2014

TOIJ

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Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is known to increase infection rates, but the mechanisms are not well understood. These studies tested the hypothesis that CS exposure would impair antimicrobial activity of apical conditioned media from human airway (BEAS-2B) cultures by reducing induction and release of the antimicrobial peptide CCL20. BEAS-2B cultures were exposed to CS extract and assayed for temporal and physical characteristics of release as well as for antimicrobial activity. E. coli were exposed to Beas-2B-conditioned media (BCM) and subsequent bacterial colonies were enumerated. In time course studies TLR-agonist-induced CCL20 transcription and release were rapid, of short duration and release was consistently targeted to the apical/luminal compartment. Cells treated with CS extract had diminished release of CCL20 under both constitutive and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist stimulating conditions. Exposure of the cells to CS significantly reduced the antimicrobial activity in BCM and neutralizing antibodies to CCL20 brought antibacterial activity back to baseline levels demonstrating that antimicrobial activity in this culture system was primarily attributable to CCL20. These studies add to the understanding of CCL20 as a mucosal antimicrobial and improve insight into a likely mechanism linking infection to CS exposure.

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“…1,2 In addition to implementing systems-level approaches for preventing infections, such as transmissionbased isolation precautions, checklists and care bundles for indwelling devices, and education of healthcare personnel and visitors, 3 recent studies have also sought to determine which patients are most at risk of developing an infection. 4 Understanding the individual-level characteristics that put patients at risk for community-and healthcare-associated infections can potentially lead to improvements in infection rates and outcomes through targeted prevention and surveillance strategies, as well as provide important information for standardizing the calculation of infection rates to make comparisons across populations, hospitals, and healthcare providers more meaningful and accurate. [5][6][7] For urinary tract infections (UTI), individual risk factors among hospitalized patients and the general population are well understood, and differences between men and women have been consistently described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Risk of Bloodstream and Surgical Site Infections

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND:Identifying patients most at risk for hospital-and community-associated infections is one essential strategy for preventing infections. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether rates of community-and healthcare-associated bloodstream and surgical site infections varied by patient gender in a large cohort after controlling for a wide variety of possible confounders. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: All patients discharged from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2008 (133,756 adult discharges and 66,592 pediatric discharges) from a 650-bed tertiary care hospital, a 220-bed community hospital, and a 280-bed pediatric acute care hospital within a large, academic medical center in New York, NY. MAIN MEASURES: Data were collected retrospectively from various electronic sources shared by the hospitals and linked using patients' unique medical record numbers. Infections were identified using previously validated computerized algorithms. KEY RESULTS: Odds of community-associated bloodstream infections, healthcare-associated bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections were significantly lower for women than for men after controlling for present-on-admission patient characteristics and events during the hospital stay [odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) were 0. 85 (0.77-0.93), 0.82 (0.74-0.91), and 0.78 (0.68-0.91), respectively]. Gender differences were greatest for older adolescents (12-17 years) and adults 18-49 years and least for young children (<12 years) and older adults (≥70 years). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, men were at higher risk for bloodstream and surgical site infections, possibly due to differences in propensity for skin colonization or other anatomical differences.

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Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract–related bacteremia: A case-control study

Cited by 56 publications

References 37 publications

Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteremia isolates in patients with urinary tract infection: results from United States and European hospitals (2009–2011)

Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteremia isolates in patients with urinary tract infection: results from United States and European hospitals (2009–2011)

Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Disrupts CCL20-Mediated Antimicrobial Activity in Respiratory Epithelial Cells

Gender Differences in Risk of Bloodstream and Surgical Site Infections

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