Risk factors for neurological complications and sequelae in childhood acute bacterial meningitis

Shieh, Huei Hsin; Ragazzi, Selma Lopes Betta; Gilio, Alfredo Elias

doi:10.2223/jped.2178

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Due to the irreversible neuronal damage that occurs during bacterial meningitis, the risk of developing long-term cognitive deficits and learning difficulties are significant [ 3 , 48 ]. The rates of cognitive impairment world-wide are difficult to estimate because there is no standardized method of measuring it and long-term data on meningitis survivors are rarely available.…”

Section: Bacterial Meningitis Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, infants are at higher risk of developing neurological complications compared to older children [ 3 , 9 , 23 ]. 71% of infants (aged < one year) with bacterial meningitis develop neurological complications compared to 38% in children aged one to five years and 10% in those aged six to 16 years [ 9 ].…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a devastating illness, especially in neonates (age < one month) and infants (age < one year). Bacterial meningitis has a high case-fatality rate of up to 30% [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], and as many as 50% of survivors develop neurological complications [ 1 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]—with outcomes highly dependent on patient’s age and the infecting organism. This article provides an overview of the short and long-term neurological complications of bacterial meningitis, the associated risk factors, and available vaccines and therapies which may reduce the risk of complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Meningitis in Children: Neurological Complications, Associated Risk Factors, and Prevention

2021

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Bacterial meningitis is a devastating infection, with a case fatality rate of up to 30% and 50% of survivors developing neurological complications. These include short-term complications such as focal neurological deficit and subdural effusion, and long-term complications such as hearing loss, seizures, cognitive impairment and hydrocephalus. Complications develop due to bacterial toxin release and the host immune response, which lead to neuronal damage. Factors associated with increased risk of developing neurological complications include young age, delayed presentation and Streptococcus pneumoniae as an etiologic agent. Vaccination is the primary method of preventing bacterial meningitis and therefore its complications. There are three vaccine preventable causes: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), S. pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Starting antibiotics without delay is also critical to reduce the risk of neurological complications. Additionally, early adjuvant corticosteroid use in Hib meningitis reduces the risk of hearing loss and severe neurological complications.

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Section: Bacterial Meningitis Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Meningitis in Children: Neurological Complications, Associated Risk Factors, and Prevention

2021

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“…Neurological infections, such as meningitis, can introduce significant risk for developing long-term cognitive deficits and learning difficulties [ 29 , 42 , 43 ]. Again, greater illness severity and younger age at time of brain injury (i.e., infancy) predict more long-term impairment [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Further, bacterial infections, relative to viral infections, tend to have more deleterious effects on cognitive development [ 44 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back to School: Academic Functioning and Educational Needs among Youth with Acquired Brain Injury

Vanderlind

Demers²,

Engelson³

et al. 2022

Children

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Youth with a history of traumatic or non-traumatic acquired brain injury are at increased risk for long-lasting cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social, and physical sequelae post-injury. Such sequelae have great potential to negatively impact this population’s academic functioning. Consistently, poorer academic achievement and elevated need for educational supports have been well-documented among youth with a history of acquired brain injury. The current paper reviews the literature on neuropsychological, psychiatric, and academic outcomes of pediatric acquired brain injury. A discussion of special education law as it applies to this patient population, ongoing limitations within the field, and a proposal of solutions are also included.

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“…2. Cognitive Impairment -Due to the irreversible neuronal damage that occurs during bacterial meningitis, the risk of developing long-term cognitive deficits and learning difficulties is significant [16] 3. Seizures and Epilepsy…”

Section: Release Of Pro-inflammatory Mediators From Infiltrated White...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningitis in Young Infants Less than 2 Months; Its Implications and Outcome

Tripathi¹,

Srivastava²

2022

Antibiotic Resistance - New Insights [Working Title]

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Meningitis, i.e., inflammation of membranes covering the brain parenchyma, is a serious problem in children especially in young infants as it is not only associated with adverse short-term outcomes but also leads to abnormal neurodevelopment including sensory neural deafness later in life. Streptococcus pneumoniae is among the leading causative organisms of meningitis in young infants. Advances in the diagnosis and management of such babies have led to decrease in the mortality from meningitis. However, certain areas such as completion of antimicrobial therapy, monitoring of these babies for complications such as post-meningitic hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, need to be addressed. With missed diagnosis, a large cohort of such babies lands up with chronic disability. There is a need to understand the management of such cases including follow-up so that they survive with good neurological outcomes.

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Risk factors for neurological complications and sequelae in childhood acute bacterial meningitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Bacterial Meningitis in Children: Neurological Complications, Associated Risk Factors, and Prevention

Bacterial Meningitis in Children: Neurological Complications, Associated Risk Factors, and Prevention

Back to School: Academic Functioning and Educational Needs among Youth with Acquired Brain Injury

Meningitis in Young Infants Less than 2 Months; Its Implications and Outcome

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