Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Bunn, Priscila dos Santos; Meireles, Frederico de Oliveira; Sodré, Ravini de Souza; Inoue, Allan; Silva, Elirez Bezerra da

doi:10.1007/s00420-021-01700-3

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Since our intervention was designed to be a comprehensive warm-up routine for the entire body, it might have lacked the specificity and overload to have a significant effect on more specific injury types or locations. There are various risk factors for MSI [ 7 , 8 ]. Their effect on injury incidence may come also through more complex interactions, and this effect can be different at the individual level [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MSI risk factors among military personnel include, but are not limited to, exercise- and sport-related activities [ 3 ], faulty biomechanical movement patterns [ 7 ] and low physical fitness [ 8 ]. It is necessary to understand that physical activity, which is necessary to improve physical fitness, is itself one leading risk factor for MSI [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in a Military Cadet Population Participating in an Injury-Prevention Program

2023

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Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal injuries are a major health hazard among military personnel. Previous research has proposed several exercise-based strategies for prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an exercise-based injury-prevention program on the incidence of musculoskeletal injury, motor performance and psychosocial status. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Estonian Military Academy cadets were randomly assigned into either an intervention or control group. The intervention group followed a neuromuscular exercise-based injury-prevention warm-up program, three times per week for 6 months. The control group continued with the usual warm-up. The main outcome measure was injury incidence during the study period. Additionally, evaluation of isokinetic lower-extremity strength, postural sway, physical fitness and psychosocial status was included pre- and post-intervention. Results: During the 6-month study period, the musculoskeletal injury incidence was 43% in the intervention group and 54% in the control group (RR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.41 to 1.99). The noted 20% risk reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.59). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control group in motor performance or psychosocial status measures. Conclusions: In conclusion, no effect of the exercise-based injury-prevention program on injury risk, motor performance or psychosocial status could be detected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in a Military Cadet Population Participating in an Injury-Prevention Program

2023

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“…This overall increase in TL may be a contributing factor to the overtraining and high rates of injuries seen in recruits [ 40 , 42 ]. Though TL may be a contributing factor to the injuries seen in recruits, it is important to note that injuries are the result of a complex interaction of factors such as age, sex, and weight, among others [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling the Typical Training Load of a Law Enforcement Recruit Class

Maupin

Schram

Canetti

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Law enforcement academies, designed to prepare recruits for their prospective career, represent periods of high physical and mental stress, potentially contributing to recruits’ injuries. Managing stress via monitoring training loads may mitigate injuries while ensuring adequate preparation. However, it is vital to first understand an academy’s typical training load. The aim of this study was to profile the typical training load of law enforcement recruits over the course of 22 weeks. Data were prospectively collected using global positioning system (GPS) units placed on recruits during a portion of the academy training, while a desktop analysis was retrospectively applied to six other classes. A Bland–Altman plot was conducted to assess the agreement between the two methods. A linear mixed model was conducted to analyse the difference in distances covered per week, while other variables were presented graphically. Adequate agreement between the desktop analysis and GPS units was observed. Significant differences (p-value < 0.01) in distance covered (9.64 to 11.65 km) exist between weeks during early academy stages, which coincide with increases (~6 h) in physical training. Significant decreases in distances were experienced during the last five weeks of academy training. Most acute:chronic workload ratios stayed between the proposed 0.8 to 1.3 optimal range. Results from this study indicate that large increases in training occur early in the academy, potentially influencing injuries. Utilizing a desktop analysis is a pragmatic and reliable approach for instructors to measure load.

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“…However, there is evidence from separate studies that experiencing MSI is associated with weight gain and decreases in fitness [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]. These factors may then further exacerbate injury risk beyond the risk arising from prior injury alone [ 64 ], as increased weight or overweight and obesity, as well as reduced fitness levels and reductions in physical training, have also all been associated with increased risk of MSI in military populations [ 16 , 65 , 66 ]. As a consequence, it is reasonable to hypothesize that participation in early physiotherapy treatment, which may accelerate recovery and bring forward interventions that address these additional factors, may lead to reduced losses in fitness and associated weight gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Early Physiotherapy Treatment on Musculoskeletal Injury Outcomes in Military Personnel: A Narrative Review

Campbell

Pope

Simas

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The risks and incidence rates of musculoskeletal injuries among military personnel are high, and the importance of physiotherapy in treating these injuries is well established. However, what is less clear is whether the timing of commencement of physiotherapy treatment affects musculoskeletal injury outcomes in military personnel. This lack of clarity is exacerbated by the known underreporting of injuries among military personnel, and the resulting self-management of musculoskeletal injuries using analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and other means. This narrative review was designed to identify and synthesize current evidence regarding the effects of timing of physiotherapy treatment on musculoskeletal injury outcomes, focusing on potential benefits of early versus typical or delayed commencement of physiotherapy treatment. Overall, current evidence suggests early physiotherapy treatment of musculoskeletal injuries offers distinct advantages over typical or delayed commencement of physiotherapy treatment in military settings. Specifically, it appears early treatment expedites recovery in early phases following injury onset and benefits longer term mental health and well-being. It may also reduce the need for more invasive and costly health care interventions and enable earlier return to training and operational service. Importantly, a cultural shift within military contexts to ensure early reporting of musculoskeletal injuries is required if the benefits of early commencement of physiotherapy treatment are to be achieved.

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Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 82 publications

Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in a Military Cadet Population Participating in an Injury-Prevention Program

Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in a Military Cadet Population Participating in an Injury-Prevention Program

Profiling the Typical Training Load of a Law Enforcement Recruit Class

The Effects of Early Physiotherapy Treatment on Musculoskeletal Injury Outcomes in Military Personnel: A Narrative Review

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