Risk factors for mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis C virus: Maternal high viral load and fetal exposure in the birth canal

Murakami, Jun; Nagata, Ikuo; Iitsuka, Toshiyuki; Okamoto, Manabu; Kaji, Shuichiro; Hoshika, Tadataka; Matsuda, Ryu; Kanzaki, Sho; Shiraki, Kazuo; Suyama, Akihiko; Hino, Shinjiro

doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2012.00968.x

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…This might be caused by the change in the HCV transmission route from blood transfusion to IVDU and sexual transmission (especially from men to men, MSM) in young people in Europe, the United States, Australia and Southern China over the past 5-10 years [44–46]. Our study highlights the critical importance of effective HCV prevention and control strategies among young people, in particular focusing on the IVDU and MSM transmission routes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus subtype 6a in China: a comparison between 2004–2007 and 2008–2011

Xiao

Xiong

et al. 2014

Arch Virol

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Different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes exhibit differences in disease pathogenesis and progression, as well as disease outcomes and response to therapy. Tracking the change of HCV genotypes in various epidemiological settings is critical for both disease surveillance and the development of improved antiviral treatment. Here, we tracked the changes in the prevalence of the HCV genotypes in China between 2004-2007 and 2008-2011. HCV-RNA-positive sera were collected from volunteer blood donors during the period 2008-2011. The genotypes were determined by phylogenic analysis using the NS5B and E1 sequences. Geographical and demographic distribution patterns related to the HCV genotypes obtained in 2008-2011 were compared with our previous study, which recorded data in the period 2004-2007. Pearson chi-square test and t-test were used to statistically analyze the results. In 2008-2011, HCV subtypes 1b and 6a were detected in 43.8 % (184/420) and 34.3 % (144/420), respectively. The male/female ratio was found to be higher for HCV genotype 6 than for genotypes 1 and 2. When compared with the period of 2004-2007, although no significant difference was found in gender or age for genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 6, the subtype 6a frequency was significantly increased from 11 % to 26.5 % in the blood donors from outside of Guangdong Province in 2008-2011. A pattern of increase in HCV subtype 6a was found in blood donors outside of Guangdong Province, indicating that HCV subtype 6a has rapidly spread from Guangdong to other regions of China over the past 10 years.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00705-014-2185-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus subtype 6a in China: a comparison between 2004–2007 and 2008–2011

Xiao

Xiong

et al. 2014

Arch Virol

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“…Recent data from Japan noted that in women with high viral loads (defined as >6 Â 10 5 IU/mL), delivery 4 or more hours after membrane rupture was associated with a significantly higher rate of infected infants. 66 Further studies are needed before recommendations can be made as regards management of PPROM in seropositive pregnancies. Breastfeeding does not seem to increase transmission rates, and is therefore not contraindicated unless the nipples are cracked and/or bleeding.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevention and Management of Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy

Rac

Sheffield

2014

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America

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“…Mother-to-child vertical transmission of HCV is reported to occur in 3-10% of cases, mostly in the late intrauterine period, at delivery or in the peri-natal period. Many factors have been reported to influence the transmission rate, including maternal high viral load, labour duration, newborn gender, premature membrane rupture and genotype [8]. The role of elective cesarean section to reduce mother-to-child transmission rates is debated and controversial [8,9] and the guidelines of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) does not recommend cesarean section to prevent HCV vertical transmission [10].…”

Section: Transmission Routes and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic HCV infection: epidemiological and clinical relevance

et al. 2012

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV), first recognized as a cause of transfusion-associated acute and chronic hepatitis in 1989, plays a major role as a cause of chronic liver injury, with potential for neoplastic degeneration. It is mainly transmitted by the parenteral route. However, although with lower efficiency, it may be also transmitted by sexual intercourses and by the mother-to-child route. Epidemiological evidence shows that a wave of infection occurred in the 1945-65 period (baby boomers) in western countries. After acute infection, as many as 50-85% of the patients fail to clear the virus resulting in chronic liver infection and/or disease. It is estimated that, on a global scale, about 170 million people are chronically infected with HCV, leading to about 350.000 deaths yearly. Among western countries southern Europe, and particularly Italy, is among the most affected areas. The impact on the public health systems is noteworthy, with high number of hospitalizations due to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. While waiting for a safe and effective vaccine to be made available, new promising direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs offer a better therapeutic scenario than in the past even for the poor responder genotypes 1 and 4, provided that effective screening and care is offered. However, the long and aspecific prodromic period before clinical symptoms develop is a major obstacle to early detection and treatment. Effective screening strategies may target at-risk groups or age specific groups, as recently recommended by the CDC.

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Risk factors for mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis C virus: Maternal high viral load and fetal exposure in the birth canal

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus subtype 6a in China: a comparison between 2004–2007 and 2008–2011

Increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus subtype 6a in China: a comparison between 2004–2007 and 2008–2011

Prevention and Management of Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy

Chronic HCV infection: epidemiological and clinical relevance

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