Risk factors for mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV‐1

Newell, M.L.; Dunn, D; Peckham, Catherine; Ades, A E; Pardi, Giorgio; Semprini, A; Giaquinto, Carlo; Truscia, D.; Rossi, A De; Chieco‐Bianchi, Luigi; Zachello, F.; Grosch-Wörner, I.; Vocks-Hauck, M; Langhof, M.; Mok, J.; Terés, Félix Omeñaca; Bates, I.; Garcia-Rodrigues, M.C.; Canosa, C. A.

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(92)90272-k

Cited by 80 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Vertical transmission of HIV-1 during the postpartum period is mainly due to transmission in colostrum and breast milk, and presents a significantly higher risk of postnatal infection to infants compared to those babies who are bottle-fed [3,13]. In fact, it has been found that vertical transmission by breast milk alone is possible since HIV-1-seronegative children have later been found to be seropositive after long periods of breast-feeding [3].…”

Section: Timing Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…vaginal or cesarean. Although cesarean delivery may increase the risk of postoperative infection for the mother, it has been found to be correlative with lower vertical transmission, reducing transmission by a reported 50-87%, even in women taking chemoprophylactic treatments [13,22,27,28,50,51]. Obstetrical correlative factors of vertical transmission are shown in table 3.…”

Section: Timing Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mother-to-child transmission rates appear to increase when chorioamniotic membranes are ruptured for over 4 h during labor [10,18,23,48], and as much as nearly double the risk of transmission of HIV-1 to the infant [17]. Amniocentesis and chronic chorioamnionitis are linked to increased risk of transmission, possibly due to the release of chemotactic cytokines followed by infiltration of HIV-1-infected leukocytes into the amniotic fluid [13,21]. Additionally, use of scalp electrodes, forceps, and vacuum extractors during birth is associated with increased risk of transmission of HIV-1 [13].…”

Section: Timing Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amniocentesis and chronic chorioamnionitis are linked to increased risk of transmission, possibly due to the release of chemotactic cytokines followed by infiltration of HIV-1-infected leukocytes into the amniotic fluid [13,21]. Additionally, use of scalp electrodes, forceps, and vacuum extractors during birth is associated with increased risk of transmission of HIV-1 [13]. One of the most studied obstetrical factors is the mode of delivery, i.e.…”

Section: Timing Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunopathological Factors for Vertical Transmission of HIV-1

Edgeworth¹,

Ugen²

2000

Pathobiology

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With the global rise in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in women of childbearing age, there has also been an alarming rise in the number of mother-to-child transmissions of HIV-1. Although drug therapies such as zidovudine as well as nevirapine have been demonstrated to significantly decrease the incidence of vertical transmission of HIV-1, these therapeutic regimens are still not widely available in some developing countries where maternal-to-child transmission of HIV-1 continues to occur at an alarming rate. Therefore, the continued studies of mechanisms and correlates of vertical transmission of HIV-1 are warranted. The current status of immunological and virological correlates of vertical transmission are summarized in this review. In addition, information concerning recent therapeutic agents for the prevention of HIV-1 vertical transmission is presented.

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Section: Timing Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Timing Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Timing Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Timing Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunopathological Factors for Vertical Transmission of HIV-1

Edgeworth¹,

Ugen²

2000

Pathobiology

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“…Maternal-infant transmission is the primary means by which young children become infected with HIV [24]. It is estimated that between 15 to 40% of infants born to infected mothers become infected in utero, during labour and delivery or by breast feeding [25,26]. Current evidence suggests that most maternal-infant HIV transmission occurs late in pregnancy or during labour [27,28].…”

Section: Paediatric Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%