Risk factors for microwave scald injuries in infants

Sando, William C.; Gallaher, Keith J.; Rodgers, Bryan

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80067-0

Cited by 44 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Moreover, since water and oil have different dielectric characteristics, the temperature increase will differ if water and oil are heated by microwaves (Chan et al, 2002). Therefore, it has been assumed that HM heats unevenly in a microwave and can create hot spots when frozen HM is defrosted with microwave heating (Dixon et al, 1997; Sando et al, 1984). However, in this experiment, hot spots were not detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Heating of Human Milk With Direct Temperature Monitoring

et al. 2021

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Background: Microwave heating can be effective in preventing cytomegalovirus infection transmitted via human milk. Temperature changes during microwaving using different containers, in different areas inside a container, or using milk from different mothers are not well studied. Research Aim: To determine temperature changes of human milk during microwaving using different containers, in different container areas, using different human milk, and in a 30-ml soft polypropylene bag (sachet) immersed in water. Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, human milk (100 ml) was poured into six different bottles. The temperature was monitored simultaneously at each bottle’s bottom and surface (microwaving at 600 W) and at nine places inside the container (microwaving at 500 W). Human milk (20 ml) from six participants was inserted into a sachet, then immersed in 80 ml of human milk or water in a bottle, and the temperatures inside and outside the sachet during microwaving (at 500 W) were monitored. Results: The temperature changes at the surface were significantly larger than those at the bottom. Temperatures at the bottoms of different bottles, of human milk from different participants, or inside and outside the sachet, did not differ significantly. No temperature outliers inside the bottle were observed. Conclusion: Microwaving at 500 W and 600 W for 60 s was not significantly different in temperature changes among different areas inside bottles or among milk from different participants. A small volume of human milk (up to 100 mL) can be heated using a sachet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Heating of Human Milk With Direct Temperature Monitoring

et al. 2021

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“…Nearly half of all reported cases ( n = 13) involved children and almost all of these involved hot liquid ingestion [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , 19 , 20 ]. Particularly with young children, clinicians should be aware that laryngeal burns can be sustainted following facial scald burns and subsequent steam inhalation, without actual ingestion of the hot liquid [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microwave heated food and drink was implicated in 7 of the cases reported in the literature [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 14 , 16 , 24 ]. The dielectric heating mechanism of microwaves results in heterogenous heating of food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal laryngeal burn from ingestion of a hot fish cake: Case report and literature review

Chu

Tse

Anderco

et al. 2020

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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Highlights Laryngeal burns from hot food ingestion are rare but potentially life-threatening. There is often a delay between thermal insult and progression of laryngeal oedema. Laryngeal oedema may occur in the absence of oropharyngeal signs of thermal injury. Clinicians should have a low threshold for referral to ENT for flexible laryngoscopy. Definitive airway management with intubation or tracheostomy may be required.

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“…Others have documented individual case reports of palatal burns toinfantsafterwarmingbottledmilk [7,8].However,todate,nostudyhas addressed the various mechanisms of injury associated with microwave oven use from a national perspective. This study investigates the epidemiology of microwave oven-related injuries treated in US hospital EDs from 1990 through 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%