Risk factors for low birth weight in hospitals of North Wello zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study

Mulatu, Tesfahun; Bililign, Nigus; Demis, Asmamaw

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213054

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The prevalence of low birth weight and preterm birth in our study is higher than that reported in other regions of Ghana [42,43], the current 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey [44], in Brazil [8,22], and Ethiopia [45]. Low birth weight is a signi cant underlying cause of neonatal and infant mortality in low-and-middle-income countries such as Ghana [44], which implies that participants with low birth weight are at increased risk of neonatal and infant mortality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Nutritional status and birth outcomes among pregnant teenagers in Ghana

Annan

Apprey

Asamoah-Boakye

et al. 2020

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Background: Inadequate nutritional status during pregnancy can lead to adverse birth outcomes but this is more so for pregnant adolescents as they require nutrients to meet their needs for growth and that of the foetus. The study examined the relationship between nutritional status and birth outcomes among Ghanaian teenagers in rural and urban districts of the Ashanti Region, Ghana.Methods In this prospective cohort study, 416 pregnant teenagers recruited at hospitals/health centres during antenatal care were followed until delivery. Data on weight, height (for body mass index), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and nutrients intake using a repeated 24-hour dietary recall were determined. Blood samples were also taken and analysed for haemoglobin (Hb), serum levels of ferritin, prealbumin, vitamin A, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP). Birth weight, gestational age at birth, type of delivery, and outcome of delivery were collected as each teenager gave birth. Data were analysed using Chi-square (Fisher’s exact) analysis, t-test, two-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: 15.9% had low birth weight, 12.5% had preterm birth, 11.5% had a postpartum haemorrhage, and 3.1% neonatal deaths. Majority of the participants had inadequate intakes of energy (81.4%), protein (77.2%), vitamins A (97.1%) and E (97.7%), calcium (99.8%), iron (97.6%), folate (93.0%), zinc (83.7%), riboflavin (88.4%), thiamin (74.4%), and fiber (74.4%) intakes. Anaemia and wasting prevalence were 57.1% and 27.8%. Between-subject effects determined using Generalized Linear Modelling indicated MUAC (p=0.058), and gestational age at delivery (p=0.023) significantly affected birth weight. A multiple linear regression analysis indicated MUAC (β=0.283, p=0.002), BMI (β=0.221, p=0.015), gestational age (β=0.285, p<0.001), and ZPP (β=0.131, p=0.057) were significantly associated with birth weight (F(23, 223), P=0.008, R2=1.941).Conclusions: Inadequate nutrients intake, anaemia, and LBW were found in these pregnant teenagers. Maternal MUAC, gestational age, and serum ZPP were associated with birth weight. Interventions for improving the nutritional status of teenagers before and during pregnancy are urgently needed to reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Nutritional status and birth outcomes among pregnant teenagers in Ghana

Annan

Apprey

Asamoah-Boakye

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In Ethiopia, chewing of khat is becoming habitual and increasing at an alarming rate with an estimated prevalence ranged from 30% to50% (10)(11)(12)(13). According to 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), around 27% of men and 12% of women had history of khat chewing (14) with up to 65% during pregnancy (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Khat chewing has different socio-economic, psycho-social, physical and environmental impact (1, 5, 12, 13, 32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of khat chewing during pregnancy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bifftu¹

2020

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Background Khat (Catha edulis) is a flowering green plant mainly chewed for recreational. Khat chewing is becoming on rising at alarming rate and adversely affects the socio-economic, psycho-social, and physical health including the health of the fetus. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of khat chewing during pregnancy and its associated factors. Methods Databases: PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and AJOL were searched. Weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of depression. Heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by Cochrane chi-square and quantified by I2 statistics test. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to determine publication bias. Sensitivity test and subgroup analysis were also performed. Results In this study, a total of 9,915 study participants were included from 22 studies. The pooled prevalence of khat chewing was found to be 20% (95% CI; 14%-27%). Tests of heterogeneity demonstrated evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 98.46%, p < 0.001). However, the analysis of sensitivity tests and publication bias showed absence of influential study and publication bias [Egger’s test (P = 0.02)]. Factors such as: being Muslim, lower educational status, family history of mental illness, and partner previous history of khat chewing were associated with khat chewing. Conclusion One in five pregnant women has history of khat chewing. Thus, authors’ suggest the need of screening for khat chewing as an integrated part of Antenatal care.

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“…The prevalence of LBW varies across countries and regions, with higher burden in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia [ 7 , 8 ]. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of LBW varies across geographical areas, which ranges from 10% to 28% [ 9 – 12 ]. According to the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 13% of babies in Ethiopia had LBW [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Socioeconomic factors such as unfavorable socioeconomic conditions, place of residence, age at pregnancy, maternal level of education, and occupation are risk factors for LBW [ 9 , 10 , 15 – 17 ]. Physical and behavioral characteristics, including low maternal weight at conception, short maternal stature, maternal comorbidities, absence or inadequate prenatal care, unfavorable reproductive history, absence of antenatal care, birth order and interval, multiple pregnancy, and illicit drug use considerably increase the likelihood of LBW [ 12 , 17 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of physical activity and other maternal characteristics during the third trimester of pregnancy and its association with birthweight at term in South Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study

et al. 2020

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Birthweight continues to be the leading infant health indicator and the main focus of infant health policy. Low birthweight babies are at a higher risk of mortality and morbidity in most low-income countries. However, the physical activity level of pregnant women and its association with low birthweight is not well studied in Ethiopia. To address the above gap, we aimed to examine the maternal physical activity level and other characteristics during the third trimester and its association with birthweight at term in South Ethiopia. A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 247 randomly selected women in their third trimester of pregnancy. We measured the physical activity level using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, which included the type and level of various categories of activities. Anthropometric measurements of mothers were taken following standard procedures, and birthweight was recorded within 72 hours of delivery. To identify the effect of physical activity level and other maternal characteristics on low birthweight, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Overall, 111 (47.2%) mothers were engaged in vigorous physical activities during third trimester. The incidence of low birthweight was 21.6% and 9.68% among newborns of mothers who engaged in vigorous and moderate or low physical activity, respectively. The incidence of low birthweight at term was significantly associated with vigorous physical activity [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–6.09], prolonged standing [AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.14–9.93], and squatting [AOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.04–6.54)] during the third trimester of pregnancy. The vast majority of pregnant women were engaged in vigorous physical activities in their third trimester. Engagement in vigorous physical activity, standing for longer hours, and squatting were the major contributors to low birthweight at term. Hence, focused counseling should be conducted to reduce vigorous physical activity, standing, and squatting during the third trimester among pregnant women.

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Risk factors for low birth weight in hospitals of North Wello zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Nutritional status and birth outcomes among pregnant teenagers in Ghana

Nutritional status and birth outcomes among pregnant teenagers in Ghana

Prevalence of khat chewing during pregnancy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Level of physical activity and other maternal characteristics during the third trimester of pregnancy and its association with birthweight at term in South Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study

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