Risk factors for laminitis and nonsurvival in acute colitis: Retrospective study of 85 hospitalized horses (2011‐2019)

Abstract

Background: Acute colitis is a serious cause of morbidity and death in horses. Recent studies have compared clinical features of coronavirus and salmonellosis, but no study has compared clinical features of enteric salmonellosis, coronavirus, and neorickettsiosis. Hypothesis/Objectives: To identify risk factors for laminitis and nonsurvival to discharge in horses with enteric salmonellosis, coronavirus, or neorickettsiosis. Animals: Eighty-five horses hospitalized for acute colitis from 2011 to 2019. Methods: Retrospective case series. Medical record review (2011-2019) of adult (≥2 years) horses with colitis. Primary outcomes were laminitis and survival to discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess association between variables and the development of laminitis. Stepwise Cox regression was performed to assess association between variables and survival. Results: Seventeen of 85 (20%) horses developed laminitis during hospitalization.Neorickettsiosis cases (11/26, 42%) were more likely to develop laminitis than coronavirus (0/16, 0%) cases (odds ratio [OR] 24.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-451.74, P = .03). There was no significant difference in laminitis between salmonellosis and neorickettsiosis cases (OR 0.27; 95%

Prognostic indicators for survival of downer cattle treated using a flotation tank in a referral hospital: 190 cases (2000‐2020)

“…Multicollinearity among continuous variables was assessed by calculating variance inflation factor ratios. Lasso regression, a regularization method that decreases overfitting of multivariable models, was used to determine the final predictive multivariable logistic model using the glmnet package 13‐15 . The final model fit was evaluated with an analysis of deviance table using chi‐squared tests.…”

“…Lasso regression, a regularization method that decreases overfitting of multivariable models, was used to determine the final predictive multivariable logistic model using the glmnet package. 13 , 14 , 15 The final model fit was evaluated with an analysis of deviance table using chi‐squared tests. Additionally, a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under the curve was calculated for the final multivariable model using the ROCit package.…”

Fecal microbiota of horses with colitis and its association with laminitis and survival during hospitalization

“…The proportion of horses surviving colitis varies depending on the causative agent, geographic location, and the development of complications such as endotoxemia, sepsis, or laminitis 7‐13 . Horses with colitis that develop laminitis have an increased risk of mortality compared with those without laminitis 14 . Laminitis has been associated with alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota and absorption of microbial byproducts through permeable inflamed intestinal mucosa 15,16 .…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Horses with colitis that develop laminitis have an increased risk of mortality compared with those without laminitis. 14 Laminitis has been associated with alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota and absorption of microbial byproducts through permeable inflamed intestinal mucosa. 15,16 Several experimental studies have established a correlation between certain groups of bacteria (ie, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus) and the development of laminitis induced by administration of high concentrations of dietary carbohydrates (starch or oligofructose).…”

Effect of season and geographic location in the United States on detection of potential enteric pathogens or toxin genes in horses ≥6-mo-old

“…Because treatment for GI disease is implemented before test results become available, information regarding likelihood of specific PEPs or PEP-Ts, based on season and geographic region, could assist clinicians in making empirical treatment decisions. 12 Further, information regarding effects of season and region on rates of detecting PEPs or PEP-Ts in adult horse feces could provide a foundation for future investigation of effects of global climate change on prevalence of PEPs or PEP-Ts. Thus, our objective was to determine effects of season and geographic location on detection rates of nucleic acids of PEPs or PEP-Ts in feces collected from horses ≥6-mo-old in the United States.…”