Risk factors for invasive disease among children in Spain

Pereiró, I; Díez‐Domingo, Javier; Segarra, Leopoldo; Ballester, Alfredo; Albert, Amparo; Morant, A

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2003.10.015

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Other studies have confirmed that exposure to other children in day care or within a family increases the rate of carriage of S. pneumoniae (32). Furthermore, day care attendance has been associated with invasive infection in children (29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Social Mixing with Other Children during Infancy Enhances Antibody Response to a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Early Childhood

Salt

Banner

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Children who have siblings and/or who attend day care have higher rates of nasopharyngeal colonization with pneumococci than lone children do. Pneumococcal colonization is usually asymptomatic but is a prerequisite for invasive disease. We studied the effect of social mixing with other children on immunity to a pneumococcal vaccine. One hundred sixty children aged 1 year were immunized with a 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. A blood sample was obtained before and 9 to 11 days after the vaccine. The concentration and avidity of antibody against vaccine pneumococcal serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) were studied in relation to pneumococcal carriage rate and measures of social mixing. Children with increased social mixing had higher antibody concentrations against serotypes 4, 9V, 14, and 23F than lone children did. The least-carried serotype, serotype 4, was the one of the most immunogenic. This contrasts with serotype 6B, the most common nasopharyngeal isolate but the least immunogenic. Social mixing in infancy enhances the immune response to a Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine at 1 year of age. Exposure to pneumococci in the first year of life may induce immunological priming. An alternative explanation is that differences in immunological experience, such as increased exposure to respiratory viral infections in early childhood, alters the response to vaccines perhaps by affecting the balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The low immunogenicity of serotype 6B polysaccharide might make conditions more favorable for carriage of the 6B organism and explain why 6B pneumococci were more frequently isolated than other serotypes.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Social Mixing with Other Children during Infancy Enhances Antibody Response to a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Early Childhood

Salt

Banner

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies from developed countries have identified numerous environmental risk factors for meningococcal disease independent of serogroup, including crowding [64][65][66], passive cigarette smoking [64,65,67] and exposure to a case (household contacts have a 1000-fold increase in risk of disease compared with unexposed individuals) [68][69][70]. Additional risk factors specific for the meningitis belt have been described by the few studies that have been conducted, include wood smoke exposure [70] and coincident respiratory infections [71,72], although a study from the Gambia [73] did not find identifiable risk factors.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal serogroup W135 in the African meningitis belt: epidemiology, immunity and vaccines

Mueller¹,

Borrow²,

Gessner³

2006

Expert Review of Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the sub-Saharan African meningitis belt there is a region of hyperendemic and epidemic meningitis stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia. The public health approaches to meningitis epidemics, including those related to vaccine use, have assumed that Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A will cause the most disease. During 2001 and 2002, the first large-scale epidemics of serogroup W135 meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa were reported from Burkina Faso. The occurrence of N. meningitidis W135 epidemics has led to a host of new issues, including the need for improved laboratory diagnostics for identifying serogroups during epidemics, an affordable supply of serogroup W135-containing polysaccharide vaccine for epidemic control where needed, and re-evaluating the long-term strategy of developing a monovalent A conjugate vaccine for the region. This review summarizes the existing data on N. meningitidis W135 epidemiology, immunology and vaccines as they relate to meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa.

show abstract

“…In young children, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacterial pathogens to cause respiratory infections, such as acute otitis media and pneumonia, as well as invasive infections, such as bacteremia and meningitis [13]. In addition, Pereiro et al [14] reported that children exposed to tobacco smoke had an increased risk for invasive H. influenzae type b disease, demonstrating a dose-dependent phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive smoking and nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in daycare children

Bakhshaee

Naderi

Ghazvini

et al. 2011

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to tobacco smoke may be associated with higher risk of nasopharyngeal colonization and infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Haemophilus influenzae (HI), and Moraxella catarrhalis (MC). This study was done to determine the influence of passive smoking on S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis colonization rates among children. This is a prospective cross-sectional study. Tertiary referral centers with accredited otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery and Microbiology Departments. In this cross-sectional study, 2-6 years old children in 10 randomly selected day-care centers in northeast of Iran (Mashad) were studied. Smoking exposure and medical history were recorded. Carriage rates for aforementioned bacteria were analyzed on the basis of smoking exposure. 1,125 children (Female/Male: 597/528) with the mean age of 5.05 ± 0.98 years were studied. Carriage rates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis among children were 10.1, 8.8 and 6.7%, respectively. Mixed colonization was found in 2.7%. There was a significant difference in carriage rates between children who live in smoking families compare to those with nonsmoking families for M. catarrhalis (P = 0.001) but not for S. pneumoniae, and H. influenza (P = 0.798 and P = 0.117, respectively). It seems exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with increased carriage rate of M. catarrhalis in day-care children.

show abstract

Risk factors for invasive disease among children in Spain

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Social Mixing with Other Children during Infancy Enhances Antibody Response to a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Early Childhood

Social Mixing with Other Children during Infancy Enhances Antibody Response to a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Early Childhood

Meningococcal serogroup W135 in the African meningitis belt: epidemiology, immunity and vaccines

Passive smoking and nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in daycare children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About