Risk Factors for Incisional Complications after Exploratory Celiotomy in Horses: Do Skin Staples Increase the Risk?

Torfs, Sara; Levet, Tamara; Delesalle, Cathérine; Dewulf, Jeroen; Vlaminck, Lieven; Pille, Frederik; Lefère, Laurence; Martens, Ann

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2009.00636.x

Cited by 69 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, prevalence of post-operative infections at our hospital is comparable to other studies, e.g. confirmed bacterial incisional infections occurred in 7.4% of colic surgeries (data not shown) compared to 9.3% in other studies (Torfs et al, 2010). Furthermore, the general clinical perception at our hospital is that bacterial infections, other than sepsis, are not generally associated with a high mortality rate, although outcome was not specifically analyzed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens in an equine hospital (2012–2015)

Spijk¹,

Schmitt²,

Fürst³

et al. 2016

SAT

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Antimicrobial resistance has become an important concern in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to describe the rate of antimicrobial resistance in common equine pathogens and to determine the occurrence of multidrug-resistant isolates. A retrospective analysis of all susceptibility testing results from bacterial pathogens cultured from horses at the University of Zurich Equine Hospital (2012-2015) was performed. Strains exhibiting resistance to 3 or more antimicrobial categories were defined as multidrug-resistant. Susceptibility results from 303 bacterial pathogens were analyzed, most commonly Escherichia coli (60/303, 20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (40/303, 13%). High rates of acquired resistance against commonly used antimicrobials were found in most of the frequently isolated equine pathogens. The highest rate of multidrug resistance was found in isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii (23/24, 96%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae complex (24/28, 86%) and Escherichia coli (48/60, 80%). Overall, 60% of Escherichia coli isolates were phenotypically ESBL-producing and 68% of Staphylococcus spp. were phenotypically methicillin-resistant. High rates of acquired antimicrobial resistance towards commonly used antibiotics are concerning and underline the importance of individual bacteriological and anti microbial susceptibility testing to guide antimicrobial therapy. Minimizing and optimizing antimicrobial therapy in horses is needed. Keywords: horse, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), ESBL-producing

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens in an equine hospital (2012–2015)

Spijk¹,

Schmitt²,

Fürst³

et al. 2016

SAT

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“…This definition of incisional infection is consistent with previously published studies [14,15]. Long-term follow-up was obtained to identify infections diagnosed following hospital discharge.…”

Section: Post Operative Infectionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Post operative infection, pyrexia and perioperative antimicrobial drug use in surgical colic patients

Freeman

Southwood

Lane

et al. 2011

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing study: Infections are common complications in post operative colic patients. It is the impression of some surgeons that pyrexia in the early post operative period is a sign of infection and appropriate timing of perioperative antimicrobials will decrease the incidence of post operative infection. Objective: To determine the association between 1) post operative pyrexia and development of infection and 2) perioperative antimicrobial drug use and infection rate in post operative colic patients. Methods: Medical records of patients undergoing surgical treatment for colic were reviewed. Horses recovering from surgery and surviving >48 h were included. Data relating to case details, duration of surgery, post operative infection, peri-and post operative antimicrobial administration, presence, intensity and duration of pyrexia, were recorded. Data were analysed using standard statistical methods for simple comparisons between groups and by logistic regression for more complex comparisons. Results: One-hundred-and-thirteen horses were included in the final analyses, 48 (43%) of which were diagnosed with a post operative infection. Duration of surgery and anaesthesia were associated with post operative infection. Eighty-five percent of horses (n = 96) exhibited pyrexia (rectal temperature >38.3°C) post operatively. Peak temperature >39.2°C, time post surgery to peak temperature >48 h and duration of pyrexia >48 h were significantly associated with infection. In a combined model, time to first pyrexic >48 h post surgery, peak temperature and time to peak >48 h were equally weighted and the model's positive predictive value for post operative infection was 72%. Timing and dose rate of preoperative antimicrobials were not associated with infection but duration of post operative antimicrobial drug use was. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Slight to mild pyrexia (38-39.4°C) in the early post operative period is not necessarily associated with impending bacterial infection in colic patients and the use of antimicrobials in these patients may be costly and unnecessary.

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“…Anaerobes, often involved in cases of pleuropneumonia (Sweeney et al, 1991), were rarely isolated from respiratory infections, which corresponds with the fact that pleuropneumonia is an uncommon disease at our hospital. Frequent isolates from post-procedural infections in our and other studies (Clark et al, 2008;Taylor et al, 2010;Torfs et al, 2010) included E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. These species are known for their ability to develop high rates of antimicrobial resistance, and multidrugresistant isolates are reported to cause incisional and implant infections (Weese, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of bacterial pathogens in an equine hospital (1988–2014)

Spijk

Schmitt

Fürst

et al. 2016

SAT

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Knowledge about local pathogen prevalence is important for guiding initial antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the longitudinal occurrence of bacterial pathogens in hospitalized horses at the University of Zurich between 1988 and 2014. Positive culture results were retrospectively analyzed. Isolates were grouped based on sample site, diagnosis, and year of isolation. The frequency of bacterial isolates over time was compared using the Chi-Square test. Escherichia coli (299/1,723, 17%), Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (295/1,723, 17%) and coagulase-positive staphylococci (196/1,723, 11%) were the most common pathogens. Anaerobes were common in dental (18/66, 27%), peritoneal (6/43, 14%) and soft tissue infections (28/208, 13%). Mixed infections were common in skin and dental infections (24/55, 44% and 17/43, 40%, respectively). Frequently isolated bacteria in most organ systems included Gram-positives and Gram-negatives, supporting the need for initial broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy until culture and susceptibility results become available. AbstractKnowledge about local pathogen prevalence is important for guiding initial antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the longitudinal occurrence of bacterial pathogens in hospitalized horses at the University of Zurich between 1988 and 2014. Positive culture results were retrospectively analyzed. Isolates were grouped based on sample site, diagnosis, and year of isolation. The frequency of bacterial isolates over time was compared using the Chi-Square test. Escherichia coli (299/1,723, 17%), Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (295/1,723, 17%) and coagulase-positive staphylococci (196/1,723, 11%) were the most common pathogens. Anaerobes were common in dental (18/66, 27%), peritoneal (6/43, 14%) and soft tissue infections (28/208, 13%). Mixed infections were common in skin and dental infections (24/55, 44% and 17/43, 40%, respectively). Frequently isolated bacteria in most organ systems included Gram-positives and Gram-negatives, supporting the need for initial broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy until culture and susceptibility results become available.

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Risk Factors for Incisional Complications after Exploratory Celiotomy in Horses: Do Skin Staples Increase the Risk?

Abstract: Despite their ease and speed of application, skin staples can lead to an increase in celiotomy wound complications in horses.

Cited by 69 publications

References 18 publications

A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens in an equine hospital (2012–2015)

A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens in an equine hospital (2012–2015)

Post operative infection, pyrexia and perioperative antimicrobial drug use in surgical colic patients

A retrospective study of bacterial pathogens in an equine hospital (1988–2014)

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