Risk Factors for Imported Fatal<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Malaria, France, 1996–2003

Legros, F.; Bouchaud, Olivier; Ancelle, T.; Arnaud, A; Cojean, Sandrine; Bras, J. Le; Danis, M.; Fontanet, Arnaud; Durand, Rémy; Epidemiology, Autochthonous Malaria

doi:10.3201/eid1305.060955

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…About two-thirds of malaria cases in this analysis occurred in men, a phenomenon noted previously. 11,12 Higher rates of malaria and deaths due to malaria among male travellers may reflect both biological (e.g., attractiveness to vectors) and behavioural (e.g., adherence to chemoprophylaxis) risk factors, 11,[13][14][15][16][17] although their continued over representation in epidemiologic analyses speaks to the need for better, targeted prevention initiatives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in travellers returning or migrating to Canada: surveillance report from CanTravNet surveillance data, 2004-2014

et al. 2016

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Background: Malaria remains the most common specific cause of fever in returned travellers and can be life-threatening. We examined demographic and travel correlates of malaria among Canadian travellers and immigrants to identify groups for targeted pretravel intervention.Methods: Descriptive data on ill returned Canadian travellers and immigrants presenting to a CanTravNet site between 2004 and 2014 with a diagnosis of malaria were analyzed. Data were collected using the GeoSentinel data platform. This network comprises 63 specialized travel and tropical medicine clinics, including 7 Canadian sites (Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, Ottawa, Winnipeg and Montréal), that contribute anonymous, delinked, clinician-and questionnaire-based travel surveillance data on all ill travellers examined to a centralized Structure Query Language database. Results:During the study period, 20 345 travellers and immigrants were evaluated, and 93% had a travel-related diagnosis. Of these, 437 (2.1%) patients received 456 malaria diagnoses, the most common species being Plasmodium falciparum (n = 282, 61.8%). People travelling to visit friends and relatives were most well-represented (n = 169, 38.7%), followed by business travellers (n = 71, 16.2%). Sub-Saharan Africa was the most common source region, accounting for 341 (74.8%) malaria diagnoses, followed by South Central Asia (n = 55, 12%). Nigeria was the most well-represented source country, accounting for 41 cases (9.0%). India, a high-volume destination for Canadians, accounted for 40 cases (8.8%), 36 of which were caused by Plasmodium vivax. Of 456 malaria diagnoses, 26 (5.7%) were severe. Of 377 nonimmigrant travellers with malaria, 19.9% (n = 75) travelled for less than 2 weeks, and 7.2% (n = 27) travelled for less than 1 week. Interpretation:This analysis provides an epidemiologic framework for Canadian practitioners encountering prospective and returned travellers. It confirms the importance of preventive measures and surveillance associated with travel to sub-Saharan Africa and India, particularly by travellers visiting friends or relatives. Short-duration travel confers important malaria risk. Abstract Research CMAJ OPENCMAJ OPEN, 4(3) E353 surveillance summary of malaria in a cohort of returned travellers and new immigrants presenting for care at CanTravNet sites over a 10-year period. Methods SettingSeven Canadian sites from 5 provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec), also belonging to the GeoSentinel Global Surveillance Network, constitute CanTravNet, as described. 7 These sites are large referral-based outpatient centres staffed by specialists in travel and tropical medicine, which serve the Greater Vancouver-Victoria, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa and Montréal metropolitan areas and could account for service of almost 50% of the Canadian population. Network sites have been accrued over time, with inaugural sites in Toronto (1997) and Ottawa (1997), and more recent additional sites in Victoria-Vancouver (2009), Montréal (2007), Calgary...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in travellers returning or migrating to Canada: surveillance report from CanTravNet surveillance data, 2004-2014

et al. 2016

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“…This finding might be related to their acquired semi-immunity (after repeated exposures to malaria), which has been associated with a lower risk of complications and death. 2,3,12 This protection is generally thought to disappear in a few years after non-exposure, but conflicting findings about this issue have been published, 13,14 and it is still a matter of debate that warrants further investigations. Previous studies have suggested that age is a risk factor for severe P. falciparum malaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incomplete or lack of chemoprophylaxis is a known risk factor for severe malaria. 3,4,6,7,12 Most patients hesitate several days before seeking medical attention. Moreover, in some cases, the diagnosis of malaria was not achieved on the first visit and correct diagnosis and treatment were delayed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Imported Malaria in Adults: Retrospective Study of 20 Cases

González¹,

Nicolás²,

Muñóz³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Severe imported malaria is an important problem in many countries in which this disease is not endemic. This retrospective study describes the characteristics of 20 adults with severe imported malaria admitted to our intensive care unit from 1991 through 2007. All episodes were caused by Plasmodium falciparum and all patients had returned from sub-Saharan Africa, except for one transfusion recipient. All persons were considered non-immune, and none had taken appropriate chemoprophylaxis. The median time between the initiation of symptoms and the diagnosis was seven days. Five patients died (mortality rate = 25%). A higher frequency of unrousable coma and acidosis and a higher median Apache II score at admission was noted in the persons who died. Mortality by severe malaria remains high despite high quality management, which highlights the importance of chemoprophylaxis and early diagnosis and treatment.

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“…Ces données ont été récemment renforcées par une étude française qui suggère, en analyse multivariée, que le risque de décéder d'un paludisme grave en France est corrélé à l'âge, à l'origine caucasienne, à un séjour dans un pays d'Afrique de l'Est et à l'absence de chimioprophylaxie [18]. Néanmoins, les définitions de certains critères restent impré-cises, notamment chez l'adulte.…”

Section: Populations à Risqueunclassified

Paludisme grave d’importation

Bruneel

2011

Journal des Anti-infectieux

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Risk Factors for Imported FatalPlasmodium falciparumMalaria, France, 1996–2003

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Malaria in travellers returning or migrating to Canada: surveillance report from CanTravNet surveillance data, 2004-2014

Malaria in travellers returning or migrating to Canada: surveillance report from CanTravNet surveillance data, 2004-2014

Severe Imported Malaria in Adults: Retrospective Study of 20 Cases

Paludisme grave d’importation

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