Risk Factors for Idiopathic Scoliosis: Review of a 6-Year Prospective Study

Soucacos, Panayotis N.; Zacharis, Konstantinos; Soultanis, Konstantinos; Gelalis, John; Xenakis, Theodoros; Beris, Alexandros E.

doi:10.3928/0147-7447-20000801-17

Cited by 59 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Gender, age, magnitude of the curve, apex and direction of the curve are factors associated with scoliosis. 18 AIS has been shown to occur more commonly in girls than in boys. 7,19 Females compared to males were also at an increased risk of developing the more severe grades of scoliosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis among Female School Children in Singapore

Yong

Wong

Chow

2009

Ann Acad Med Singap

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Introduction: Screening for scoliosis started in Singapore schools in 1982 and is currently being done for both boys and girls, as part of the annual school-based health screening programme in all primary and secondary schools. The screening levels in the current protocol were based on the 1997 prevalence study by Wong et al. In the study, it appeared that there was a significant increase in prevalence rates between 9- and 11-year-old girls (i.e. between Primary 4 and Primary 6) but there was no data on the prevalence rates of scoliosis in 10-year-old girls (Primary 5) and in 12-year-old girls (Secondary 1). In order to decide on whether to make changes to the screening levels, a review was conducted to determine the prevalence of scoliosis among the 10-year-old girls (in Primary 5) and 12-year-old girls (in Secondary 1). Materials and Methods: A total of 93,626 female students, aged between 9 and 13 years old were screened. The study covered all of the 183 primary schools and only 83 of the 165 secondary schools due to a disruption of health screening in schools during the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). In mid-2003, schools in Singapore were closed because Singapore was one of the countries af-fected by SARS. Scoliosis screening was done for all female students in the Primary 4, 5 and 6 levels as well as in the Secondary 1 and 2 levels. Male students were routinely screened for scoliosis in the Primary 6 and Secondary 2 levels. Scoliosis screening was done by measuring the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) using a scoliometer. All students with ATR ≥5° were referred to the Student Health Centre (SHC) where second-tier screening was done. At SHC, if ATR ≥5°, postero-anterior radiograph of the spine was done. Of the 3186 female students in the primary level, aged between 9 and 13 years old who were referred to SHC for the second-tier screen-ing, 2438 attended, and for secondary students aged between 12 and 13 years old, 1587 out of 1720 students attended. Results: The prevalence rates of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis for the 9- to 13-year-old female students were 0.27%, 0.64%, 1.58%, 2.22% and 2.49%, respectively, which showed an increasing trend in the prevalence rates with increasing age. There was a significant increase in the prevalence rates of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in the 10- to 11-year-old females compared to the 9-year-old females (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4; P = 0.010). There was also a significant increase in the prevalence rates in the 12- to 13-year-old females (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.3; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The study showed a significant increase in the prevalence rates of scoliosis in the 10- to 11-year-old female students and again a significant increase in the prevalence rates in the 12- to 13-year-old female students. Since the prevalence rate for the 9-year-old females was quite low (0.27%), and there was a significant increase in the prevalence rates in the 10- to 11-year-old and 12- to 13-year-old females, it was recommended that screening for females be performed every year commencing at 10 years old (Primary 5) until 13 years old (Secondary 2).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis among Female School Children in Singapore

Yong

Wong

Chow

2009

Ann Acad Med Singap

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“…The risk of scoliosis curve progression was also associated with female sex, age, skeletal maturity and curve Cobb angle exceeding 30° at presentation [39][40][41]. The femaleto-male ratio (12:1) observed here is consistent with previous studies [9,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Associação do polimorfismo rs12916536 do gene FBN1 e a suscetibilidade à escoliose idiopática do adolescente

Azevedo¹

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“…Idiopathic scoliosis is closely associated with sex and obesity [8,25,26], and thus the present study examined the occurrence of scoliosis according to sex and obesity level. We found that compared to girls, boys showed significantly smaller angles of spinal curvature, which is the criterion for diagnosing scoliosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Body Mass Index Levels and Idiopathic Scoliosis in Korean Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Jeon

Kim

2021

Children

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Background: The prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis is rapidly increasing in Korean children, but research on the disorder is limited compared to that in other countries. Accordingly, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and body mass index (BMI) levels in Korean children. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled elementary school students and middle school first graders in the Capital Area in Korea. The participants underwent body composition measurements and screening for idiopathic scoliosis. Idiopathic scoliosis was defined as a Cobb angle of ≥10°. The students were classified into three groups—the severely underweight (SUW: BMI < 16 kg/m2) group, the underweight group (UW: 16 ≤ BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), and the normal weight group (NW: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) to compare the risk of idiopathic scoliosis across BMI levels. Results: The final cohort comprised 1375 participants. The odds ratio (OR) of idiopathic scoliosis was 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50–0.94) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.49–0.89) for the UW and the NW groups, respectively, with the SUW group as the reference. This shows that the risk decreased significantly by 31% and 34% in the UW and the NW groups, respectively. After controlling for age and sex, the corresponding ORs were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52–0.98) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.51–0.96), and the risk significantly decreased by 28% and 30% in the UW and the NW groups, respectively. Conclusions: Low body weight is closely associated with spinal deformity and idiopathic scoliosis.

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Risk Factors for Idiopathic Scoliosis: Review of a 6-Year Prospective Study

Cited by 59 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis among Female School Children in Singapore

Prevalence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis among Female School Children in Singapore

Associação do polimorfismo rs12916536 do gene FBN1 e a suscetibilidade à escoliose idiopática do adolescente

Low Body Mass Index Levels and Idiopathic Scoliosis in Korean Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

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