Risk factors for <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> serotype 2 infection in Danish genetic specific pathogen‐free pig herds

Zhuang, Q. J.; Barfod, Kristen; Wachmann, Henrik; Mortensen, Sten; Lavritsen, D. T.; Ydesen, B.; Willeberg, Preben

doi:10.1136/vr.160.8.258

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“… ‡ Interpretation: after adjusting for the effect of other variables in the model commercial farms were 2.69 (95% CI 1.61–4.42) times more likely to be classified as high pleuritis score farms compared with smallholder farms . § Heat production units (HPUs) served as a proxy for herd size and were calculated as described by Zhuang et al ( 19 ) . …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… § Heat production units (HPUs) served as a proxy for herd size and were calculated as described by Zhuang et al ( 19 ) . …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a farm had only one pig, the farm was classified based on the lesion status of that pig. Heat production units (HPUs) were calculated using the formula HPU = (0.17 × capacity of the finisher barn) + (0.17 × capacity of the nursery barn) + (0.45 × sow inventory) ( 19 ). HPU served as a proxy for herd size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Gross Pulmonary Lesions in Slaughtered Pigs in Smallholder and Commercial Farms in Two Provinces in the Philippines

Alawneh

Parke

Lapuz³

et al. 2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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A cross-sectional study of lungs from 1,887 randomly selected pigs from 471 farms from two provinces in the Philippines was carried out to estimate the prevalence of gross pathological lesions, identify potential risk factors and spatial clustering associated with high lung or pleurisy score farms. Lungs from pigs were scored at slaughter. Interviews with the farm managers were conducted to collect information about farm management and biosecurity practices. Of lungs examined, 48% had a lung score above 6 (maximum was 55) and 22% showed pleurisy. When data were aggregated at the farm level, commercial farms were at higher risk of being high lung score farms and high pleurisy farms compared to smallholder farms (P < 0.01). Variables that were associated with an increased risk of a farm being a high lung score farm included the presence of a market pen on the farm, not vaccinating against hog cholera and the presence of another piggery within 500 m. Practicing “feedback” (feeding pig manure, viscera or aborted material to pigs), presence of another piggery within 500 m, and allowing commercial livestock vehicles on farm were all associated with an increased risk of being a high pleurisy farm. Spatial analyses revealed a primary 9.6 km-radius cluster of 39 farms with high lung and pleurisy scores in the southeast of Bulacan province. High lung and pleurisy score farms could be targeted to improve on-farm disease control programs to reduce the risk of respiratory diseases. Clusters of high scoring farms could be prioritized for further investigations or for coordinating intervention efforts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… § Heat production units (HPUs) served as a proxy for herd size and were calculated as described by Zhuang et al ( 19 ) . …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Gross Pulmonary Lesions in Slaughtered Pigs in Smallholder and Commercial Farms in Two Provinces in the Philippines

Alawneh

Parke

Lapuz³

et al. 2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…However, the frequency of participation varied between the different regions (Fig 1), and the participating herds were larger in terms of the number of pigs delivered for slaughter and there were more herds with spf health status (Zhuang 2002) than in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of clinical signs of disease in Danish finisher pigs

Petersen¹,

Nielsen

Hassing

et al. 2008

Veterinary Record

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Between December 1999 and February 2001, two visits, eight weeks apart, were made to 90 herds of Danish finisher pigs. The prevalence of clinical signs was recorded by three veterinary technicians from the Danish Bacon and Meat Council according to a standardised procedure; they had been trained and their observations were monitored and validated before and during the study. A total of 154,347 finisher pigs were examined and 22,136 clinical signs were recorded. Vices accounted for 43 per cent of the signs. The highest mean prevalence was observed for ear necrosis (4·44 per cent), followed by respiratory signs (2·17 per cent), lameness (1·92 per cent), other skin diseases (1·73 per cent), tail bites (1·26 per cent), umbilical hernia (0·78 per cent), flank bites (0·52 per cent), diarrhoea (0·27 per cent), respiratory distress (0·12 per cent), atrophic rhinitis (0·10 per cent), recumbency (0·09 per cent) and central nervous disease (0·05 per cent). The prevalence of atrophic rhinitis was higher in conventional herds than in specific pathogen-free herds. The prevalence of clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis was higher among finishers weighing 51 to 75 kg than among finishers weighing up to 50 kg, and the prevalence of respiratory signs was higher among finishers weighing 51 to 75 kg then among finishers weighing 76 to 100 kg.

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“…Infections of public health relevance are also included : Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., and E. coli (Oedema types). Comparisons of the occurrence of endemic porcine infections among Danish pigs from SPF herds and conventional herds have been published (Thomsen et al., ; Enøe et al., ; Zhuang et al., ). The system has proved its efficacy; less medication is needed and vaccination costs are reduced (ten Hooven, ).…”

Section: Assessment Of Measures To Reduce the Need For Antimicrobials In Animal Husbandry In The Eu And Their Potential Impact On Amr In mentioning

confidence: 99%

EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union, and the resulting impacts on food safety (RONAFA)

Murphy¹,

Ricci²,

Auce³

et al. 2017

EFS2

136

104

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EFSA and EMA have jointly reviewed measures taken in the EU to reduce the need for and use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and the resultant impacts on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Reduction strategies have been implemented successfully in some Member States. Such strategies include national reduction targets, benchmarking of antimicrobial use, controls on prescribing and restrictions on use of specific critically important antimicrobials, together with improvements to animal husbandry and disease prevention and control measures. Due to the multiplicity of factors contributing to AMR, the impact of any single measure is difficult to quantify, although there is evidence of an association between reduction in antimicrobial use and reduced AMR. To minimise antimicrobial use, a multifaceted integrated approach should be implemented, adapted to local circumstances. Recommended options (non-prioritised) include: development of national strategies; harmonised systems for monitoring antimicrobial use and AMR development; establishing national targets for antimicrobial use reduction; use of on-farm health plans; increasing the responsibility of veterinarians for antimicrobial prescribing; training, education and raising public awareness; increasing the availability of rapid and reliable diagnostics; improving husbandry and management procedures for disease prevention and control; rethinking livestock production systems to reduce inherent disease risk. A limited number of studies provide robust evidence of alternatives to antimicrobials that positively influence health parameters. Possible alternatives include probiotics and prebiotics, competitive exclusion, bacteriophages, immunomodulators, organic acids and teat sealants. Development of a legislative framework that permits the use of specific products as alternatives should be considered. Further research to evaluate the potential of alternative farming systems on reducing AMR is also recommended. Animals suffering from bacterial infections should only be treated with antimicrobials based on veterinary diagnosis and prescription. Options should be reviewed to phase EFSA Journal 2017;15(1):4666 www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal out most preventive use of antimicrobials and to reduce and refine metaphylaxis by applying recognised alternative measures.

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Risk factors for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 infection in Danish genetic specific pathogen‐free pig herds

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Gross Pulmonary Lesions in Slaughtered Pigs in Smallholder and Commercial Farms in Two Provinces in the Philippines

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Gross Pulmonary Lesions in Slaughtered Pigs in Smallholder and Commercial Farms in Two Provinces in the Philippines

Prevalence of clinical signs of disease in Danish finisher pigs

EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union, and the resulting impacts on food safety (RONAFA)

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