Risk factors for hypertension in a population-based sample of postmenopausal women in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide. However, limited information is available regarding the risk factors for hypertension in postmenopausal women, particularly in urban populations in developing countries such as India. To investigate whether adiposity measures, serum lipids and lipoproteins as well as fasting plasma glucose can predict the risk of hypertension in a population based sample of postmenopausal women in Kolkata, India, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 415 postmenopausal women (aged 40 to 85), selected by cluster sampling from 12 wards of Kolkata. After multivariate adjustment, apolipoprotein B (apo B) and waist circumference (WC) showed the strongest association with hypertension. The risk of hypertension in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was 2.57 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-6.61) for apo B and 2.55 (95% confidence interval = 1.07-6.06) for WC. Apo B and WC were the strongest risk factors for predicting hypertension among postmenopausal women in Kolkata.

Prevalence of hypertension in an area of urban Varanasi, India and its association with selected demographic factors

“…Similar findings have been reported by several workers. [15][16][17] Contrary to this several workers reported a higher prevalence of hypertension. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Lower prevalence of hypertension has been observed by some researchers.…”

“…[15][16][17] Contrary to this several workers reported a higher prevalence of hypertension. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Lower prevalence of hypertension has been observed by some researchers. [24][25][26][27] The result of the present study shows an increase in prevalence of hypertension with an increase in age.…”

“…9 In 1901, only 11% of the population was living in an urban area; this proportion was 17 The specific objectives of the study were; (a) to assess the prevalence and spectrum of hypertension and (b) to find out its association with selected demographic factors in an area of urban Varanasi, India.…”

Evaluation of Effectiveness and Cost‐Effectiveness of a Clinical Decision Support System in Managing Hypertension in Resource Constrained Primary Health Care Settings: Results From a Cluster Randomized Trial

“…The mean difference in DBP change from baseline between the DSS and CBS at the 12th month, adjusted for age, gender, height, waist, BMI, alcohol intake, pickle and papad intake, and portions of vegetable/fruit consumed per day between both the groups was −2.83 mm Hg (95% CI: −5.78 to 0.13 mm Hg; P =0.083). The chosen variables to adjust for differences between the 2 groups were based on the baseline data differences between CBS and DSS groups, systematic literature review performed by our group, and other articles (from India) that reported on the associations between the covariate(s) and HTN . Table and Figure show the unadjusted and adjusted mean difference in SBP and DBP change from baseline between DSS and CBS groups at 6 and 12 months.…”

Serum apolipoprotein A1 rather than apolipoprotein B is associated with hypertension prevalence in Chinese people with coronary artery disease

“…These studies indicate that ApoA1 and ApoB might have key effects on managing blood pressure and the HTN pathological process. Previous studies found lower levels of lipoprotein, ApoA and ApoB in Chinese adults than in whites [26]; however, little data are available for Chinese adults [20,27], who differ from their Western counterparts in lipid levels [21][22][23][24][25]. Also, the different prevalence rates of obesity between Western and Chinese populations [28] might influence the Apo-HTN association because body fat affects blood pressure [29].…”