Risk factors for homicide victimization in post-genocide Rwanda: a population -based case- control study

Rubanzana, Wilson; Ntaganira, Joseph; Freeman, Michael; Hedt‐Gauthier, Bethany

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2145-z

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This questionnaire was translated and back- translated into Kinyarwanda. This instrument has been shown to be cross-culturally valid [ 24 – 26 ] in both men and women. Sample items for physical violence subscale were: (“1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence as a predictor of antenatal care services utilization in Rwanda

Bahati

Izabayo

Niyonsenga

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Although compelling evidence shows that exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is detrimental to both physical and mental health of the victims and their fetuses, studies on negative impact of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) services utilization are scarce. Methods The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of IPV exposure on ANC services utilization indicators such as (i) initiation of care within the first 3 months of pregnancy, (ii) receipt of at least four ANC visits and (iii) receipt of care from skilled providers among reproductive age women in Rwanda. This study used the data from the 2014–15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of physical and sexual IPV on the ANC services utilization indicators. Results Among married women living with their partners with at least one child aged 5 years or under (N = 5116), 17% of them reported physical violence, 22.8% reported psychological violence and 9.2% reported sexual violence. We found that there was a significant negative relationship between physical IPV and both early ANC and sufficient ANC. Women who had experienced physical violence by their partners during the preceding 12 months were less likely to receive more than four ANC visits, (O.R = 0.61, CI = 0.417–0.908) and they were less likely to attend the first ANC visits within the first 3 months (O.R = 0.656, CI = 0.445–0.967). Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of IPV still remains high and there is evidence that it does have significant impact on ANC. Therefore, the results provide support for continued efforts to reduce intimate partner violence, through the improvement of screening for IPV during ANC visits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence as a predictor of antenatal care services utilization in Rwanda

Bahati

Izabayo

Niyonsenga

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…There were also cases of mutilation of the genitals and pelvic regions (Des Forges, 1999). In the space of one hundred days, more than a million Tutsi and moderate Hutu were killed because of their ethnic identity and/or their ideology (Rubanzana et al, 2015).…”

Section: From Threat To Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Radio-Télévision Libre Des Mille Collines in The Rwandan Genocide : An Analysis From The Theoretical Perspectives of Intergroup Threat and Aggression

Messanga¹,

Tajeugueu²

2021

IJRISS

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This research focuses on the role of Radio-TélévisionLibre des Mille Collines (RTLM) in the Rwandan genocide. It analyzes the radio broadcasts through the prism of theories of intergroup threat and aggression. In this perspective, this medium is conceived as a manipulative and propagandist agent which participated in the perpetration of mass killings constituting the Rwandan genocide, through the dissemination of the ideology of hatred before and during the genocide and the logistical assistance provided to those involved in the killings. Indeed, RTLM broadcasts were structured in such a way as to present Hutu as victims (intergroup threat), with the aim of justifying the use of violent actions against Tutsi (intergroup aggression). The corpus to be analyzed consists of extracts from RTLM broadcasts selected from transcripts stored at the Montreal Institute of Genocide and Human Rights Studies (MIGS) and at the International Monitor Institute (IMI). These extracts were analyzed with the method of discourse analysis. They reveal that RTLM's discourse was based on the victimization and glorification of Hutu, as well as the devaluation and demonization of Tutsi. Concretely, the radio broadcasts were structured in such a way as to incite Hutu (past and present victims of injustice) to exterminate Tutsi (the enemies, the "cockroaches" (inyenzi)) and to eradicate them from Rwandan society. They were built around two main themes : threat, which includes elements like propaganda and hatred, intergroup categorization and victimization of Hutu; and aggression which includes the revolutionary vision of Rwanda, the deshumanization of Tutsi, their designation as enemies, and the search for a just and homogeneous society without Tutsi.

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“…There are as yet no studies showing clearly the reasons for intimate partner killings in Rwanda. Rubanzana, Ntaganira, Freeman, and Hedt-Gauthier (2015) conducted a study of risk factors for homicide victimization in post-genocide Rwanda. They state that homicide victims tend to be relatively young and that the proportion of female victims is one of the highest in the world (Rubanzana et al, 2015).…”

Section: Killing Of Intimate Partnermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rubanzana, Ntaganira, Freeman, and Hedt-Gauthier (2015) conducted a study of risk factors for homicide victimization in post-genocide Rwanda. They state that homicide victims tend to be relatively young and that the proportion of female victims is one of the highest in the world (Rubanzana et al, 2015). These authors argue that even in the context of residual effects from a mass genocide, homicide victimization risk factors are not unique to Rwanda.…”

Section: Killing Of Intimate Partnermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Report About Intimate Partner Violence in Southern and Western Rwanda

Mukashema

2018

IJCYFS

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The present paper reports on intimate partner violence (IPV) in 3 districts of Southern Province and Western Province in Rwanda. Qualitative data were obtained via 3 focus group discussions conducted at the headquarters of each district, and 10 individual interviews with key informants, community leaders who worked in the districts. The types of IPV discussed were physical, economic, sexual, and psychological harassment. Community leaders stated that the women in their communities had no hesitation in reporting economic abuse and physical violence, but noted that the women needed support from other people to report sexual violence, and generally did not report psychological harassment, perhaps because they accepted it as the norm. They also noted that men generally did not report IPV and that the main victims of IPV in all its forms were children and women. The community leaders suggested a number of measures to reduce IPV: empowering females so that they are financially independent; educating and sensitizing family members about their responsibilities and community leaders about laws and human rights; educating all community members about gender equality and IPV, including premarital instruction; increasing access to services; putting in place a law that protects free unions by giving them legal status after a period of cohabitation; setting up a specific institution to deal with IPV; improving both support to the victims and follow-up of reported cases, along with instituting punitive responses to deter potential new perpetrators.

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Risk factors for homicide victimization in post-genocide Rwanda: a population -based case- control study

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Intimate partner violence as a predictor of antenatal care services utilization in Rwanda

Intimate partner violence as a predictor of antenatal care services utilization in Rwanda

The Role of Radio-Télévision Libre Des Mille Collines in The Rwandan Genocide : An Analysis From The Theoretical Perspectives of Intergroup Threat and Aggression

A Report About Intimate Partner Violence in Southern and Western Rwanda

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