Risk Factors for HIV Infection among Young Thai Men during 2005–2009

Rangsin, Ram; Kana, Khunakorn; Chuenchitra, Thippawan; Sunantarod, Akachai; Mungthin, Mathirut; Meesiri, Supanee; Areekul, Wirote; Nelson, Kenrad E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136555

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Our study found that young MSM had the highest incidence of HIV when compared to other MSM, and heterosexual men. While the finding that young MSM are at particular risk for HIV infection confirms results of previous studies 3 4 5 7 8 10 12 13 14 , it is important to highlight that our findings are not being driven by young African American men as in other parts of the country; only 3% of young MSM diagnosed with HIV reported black race in our cohort (in the most recent census in 2010, 5% of the population of San Diego county was Black or African American). In contrast, Hispanics accounted for 44% of HIV diagnoses among young MSM (Hispanics represented 31.6% of the population of San Diego county).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

HIV Infection Rates and Risk Behavior among Young Men undergoing community-based Testing in San Diego

Hoenigl

Chaillon

Morris

2016

Sci Rep

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Approximately 80% of new HIV infections in the United. In particular black young MSM are disproportionately affected by HIV, accounting for half of new HIV diagnoses among young MSM 2-4 . While a number of studies have evaluated prevalence and incidence of HIV infection among young MSM in settings where African Americans account for a significant proportion of the population [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] , fewer studies have characterized HIV risk among young MSM in other settings of the United States 11 . The objective of this study was to examine prevalence and incidence of HIV, as well as racial disparities and risk behavior, all stratified by age, among men undergoing community-based testing in San Diego, where African Americans represent less than 7% of the population. ResultsHIV prevalence and incidence, per test positivity rates and demographics in MSM and heterosexual men stratified by age are depicted in Table 1. Young MSM were more likely to report Hispanic ethnicity and less likely white race when compared to older MSM (p < 0.001). Among young MSM, HIV prevalence was 5.5% (95% CI 4.4-6.6%), and per test positivity rate was 3.6% (95% CI 2.9-4.3%). HIV prevalence did not differ between young MSM and MSM between 25 and 49 years of age (5.5% vs. 4.9%, n.s.), but was significantly higher among young MSM than among MSM 50 years or older (5.5% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001). When compared to MSM above 24 years of age per test positivity rate was significantly higher among young MSM (3.6% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001). HIV incidence was 3.4 per 100 person years (95% CI 2.2-5.4) among young MSM and therefore significantly higher than among

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

HIV Infection Rates and Risk Behavior among Young Men undergoing community-based Testing in San Diego

Hoenigl

Chaillon

Morris

2016

Sci Rep

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“…This extends the trends of prevalence of HIV infection below 1% since the 2000s. [ 9 , 23 , 24 ] Furthermore, the prevalence of HIV infection among young Thai men residing in Bangkok, the eastern region, and upper and lower northern regions were higher than 0.5%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2001, young men aged 17 to 20 or 22 years or older are accepted as volunteers without passing through the lottery system. [ 9 , 22 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 1991 and 1995, the proportion of young Thai military conscripts in northern Thailand who had sex with a FSW dropped from 81.4 to 63.8%; condom use increased from 61.0 to 92.6%; while the prevalence of HIV infection decreased to 6.7% from a high of 12.5%. [ 6 – 9 ] The implementation of the program also considerably changed the prevalence of HIV infection in the targeted population, venue-based FSWs. In Bangkok, from 1993 to 1996, a 48% decline has been found in sex with FSWs and an increase in the use of condoms among male attenders of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of HIV infection and related risk factors among young Thai men between 2010 and 2011

et al. 2020

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Introduction Understanding the current epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Thailand will facilitate more effective national HIV prevention programs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among young Thai men. Methods A total survey was conducted of Royal Thai Army new conscripts, participating in the national HIV surveillance in November 2010 and May 2011. Behavioral risk factors for HIV infection were determined using a standardized survey questionnaire in the total study population and men who have sex with men (MSM) subgroup. Results A total of 301 (0.5%) HIV infected young Thai men were identified from the total study population (63,667). Independent risk factors associated with HIV infection among the total study population included being single (adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.6, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.1–2.2), having no formal education (AOR 6.5, 95% CI 2.3–18.4) or a bachelor’s degree (AOR 1. 8, 95% CI 1.0–3.0), engaging in bisexual (AOR 3.7, 95% CI 2.4–5. 6) or exclusively homosexual activity (AOR 14.4, 95% CI 10.4–19.8), having a history of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.3) and having sex in exchange for gifts/money (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1. 5–2.8). A total of 4,594 (7.9%) MSM were identified, of which 121 (2.6%) were HIV infected. The prevalence of HIV infection among MSM in urban (2.8%) and rural (2.4%) areas were relatively comparable ( p -value = 0.44). Of the identified MSM, 82.5% reported having sexual desire with females only. Risk factors associated with HIV infection in the MSM subgroup included living in the western region (AOR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–10.4), having a bachelor’s degree (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–5.7), having a history of exclusive receptive (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6–7.7) or versatile anal sex (AOR 4.7, 95% CI 3.0–7.5) and history of having sex in exchange for gifts/money (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.5). Conclusion The prevalence of HIV infection among young Thai men has continued to be below 0.5% in 2010 and 2011. High risk sexual activity, including MSM, played a major role in the HIV epidemic among this population. Effective HIV prevention programs should cover MSM who have heterosexual desire as well as having sex in exchange for gifts/money and be implemented in both urban and rural areas.

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“…Firstly, we did not address issues of sexual orientation, including the types of sexual intercourse (male-to-male vs. male-to-female, anal vs. vaginal, etc.). The prevalence and incidence of HIV infection is very high in young MSM in Thailand, with orders of magnitude reaching eight-fold greater than in heterosexual men [ 36 – 38 ]. Similarly, we did not collect information regarding involvement in sex work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"When I first saw a condom, I was frightened": A qualitative study of sexual behavior, love and life of young cross-border migrants in urban Chiang Mai, Thailand

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMany young migrant workers move across the border to Chiang Mai, a major city in Northern Thailand, in search of work opportunities. This study describes their sexual behavior, lifestyles, relationships and experiences with youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services.MethodsThis is the qualitative arm of a mixed methods study using focus group discussions (FGDs) among young MWs aged 15–24 years in urban Chiang Mai. We conducted 6 FGDs with 84 participants (43 males, 41 females) organized in groups of 10–15 people, including 3 groups of males, 2 groups of females, and 1 group of both males and females.ResultsWe found that the lack of parental control, pressure to assimilate into Thai society, access to social media and modern communication technologies, and limited knowledge and access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services interplayed to shape lifestyle and sexual behaviors, including low condom use among young migrants.ConclusionThe present study helped discern the vulnerability of young migrants to adverse SRH outcomes. This particular group of youth needs urgent intervention to improve their knowledge on SRH and access to a youth-friendly clinic to help them personalize risk of HIV and other adverse SRH outcomes.

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Risk Factors for HIV Infection among Young Thai Men during 2005–2009

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

HIV Infection Rates and Risk Behavior among Young Men undergoing community-based Testing in San Diego

HIV Infection Rates and Risk Behavior among Young Men undergoing community-based Testing in San Diego

Prevalence of HIV infection and related risk factors among young Thai men between 2010 and 2011

"When I first saw a condom, I was frightened": A qualitative study of sexual behavior, love and life of young cross-border migrants in urban Chiang Mai, Thailand

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