Risk factors for hippocampal cavities in a marginally housed population

Abstract

Cavities in the hippocampus are morphological variants of uncertain significance.Aberrant neurodevelopment along with vascular and inflammatory etiologies have been proposed. We sought to characterize these cavities and their potential risk factors in a marginally housed population, with high rates of viral infection, addiction, and mental illness. (1) The volume of hippocampal cavities (HCavs) is greater in this highly multimorbid population compared to the general population. (2) Conventional vascular risk factors such as greater age and systolic blood pressure are associated with higher HCav volume. (3) Nonprescribed substance-related risk factors such as stimulant use or dependence, and smoking are associated with increased HCav volume independent of vascular risk factors. This is a retrospective analysis of an ongoing prospective study. We analyzed baseline data, including medical history, physical exam, psychiatric diagnosis, and MRI from a total of 375 participants. Hippocampal cavities were defined as spaces isointense to CSF on T1 MRI sequences, bounded on all sides by hippocampal tissue, with a volume of at least 1 mm 3 . Risk factors were evaluated using negative binomial multiple regression. Stimulant use was reported by 87.3% of participants, with stimulant dependence diagnosed in 83.3% of participants.Prevalence of cavities was 71.6%, with a mean total bilateral HCav volume of 13.89 mm 3 . On average, a 1 mmHg greater systolic blood pressure was associated with a 2.17% greater total HCav volume (95% CI = [0.57%, 3.79%], p = .0076), while each cigarette smoked per day trended toward a 2.69% greater total HCav volume (95% CI = [À0.87%, 5.54%], p = .058). A diagnosis of stimulant dependence was associated with a 95.6% greater total HCav volume (95% CI = [5.39%, 263.19%], p = .0335). Hypertension and diagnosis of stimulant dependence were associated with a greater total volume of HCav.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Automated Methods for Quantifying Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Brain

“…Eleven out of thirteen studies identified a positive association between hypertension and PVS burden (Ballerini et al, 2019; Huang, Zhu, et al, 2021b; Wang et al, 2021; Wang, Chappell, et al, 2016; Cheng et al, 2022; Hadad et al, 2022; Charisis et al, 2023; Evans et al, 2023; Tachibana et al, 2024; Zebarth et al, 2023; Duperron et al, 2023). Duperron et al, (2023), the largest study amongst the ones included, found causal associations of high blood pressure with BG and hippocampal PVS, and of BG PVS and hippocampal PVS with stroke, accounting for blood pressure, even after Mendelian randomisation.…”

“…BG-PVS were associated to previous spaceflight experience. (Cheng et al, 2022) Determine risk factors for hippocampal cavities in a marginally housed population, to shed light on possible aetiology, one of which is that they are PVS.…”

The Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Tarsal Sinus Approach and L-Type Incision Approach Combined with 3D Printing Technology in Calcaneal Fracture

“…Observation Indicators. Preoperative and postoperative calcaneal width [16], calcaneal length [17], Böhler angle, Gissane angle, reduction of subtalar articular surface, operative time, hospital stay, operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative fracture healing time were collected and measured. Functional assessment was performed using the Maryland Foot sScore (MFS) system.…”