Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in blood donors: a case‐control study

Jm, Kaldor; Gt, Archer; Ml, Buring; Sl, Ismay; Kenrick, K. G.; As, Lien; Purusothaman, K; Tulloch, Rachel L.; Wv, Bolton; Br, Wylie

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137123.x

Cited by 102 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Concerning demographic variables, the increase in the risk for HCV seropositivity between 30 and 59 years was different to that described for donors in Australia [14] or the United States [15,16], where the infection rate declines in persons greater than 50 years old, and similar that described in other region of our country [17]. This pattern of transmission suggests that the risk for HCV infection was greater in the distant past [18] and reached a decreased risk of infection along generations as consequence of improving sanitary and socioeconomic conditions over time.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in southern Brazil: a case-control study

Brandão

Fuchs

2002

BMC Gastroenterol

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BackgroundIn Brazil, it is estimated that between 2.5 and 4.9% of the general population present anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, which corresponds to as many as 3.9 to 7.6 million chronic carriers. Chronic liver disease is associated with HCV infection in 20% to 58% of the Brazilian patients. The objective of this case-control study was to investigate the risk factors for presence of anti-HCV antibody in blood donors in southern Brazil.MethodsOne hundred and seventy eight blood donors with two positive ELISA results for anti-HCV were cases, and 356 controls tested negative. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data concerning demographic and socioeconomic aspects, history of previous hepatitis infection, social and sexual behaviors, and number of donations. Variables were grouped into sets of hierarchical categories. Cases and controls were compared using logistic regression, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. The statistical significance of the associations was assessed through likelihood ratio tests based on a P value < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of anti-HCV among blood donors was 1.1%. Most of the donors were white and males. In the multivariate analysis, independent predictors of anti-HCV positivity were: intravenous drug use, blood transfusion >10 years earlier, having had two to four sexually transmitted diseases, incarceration, tattooing, sex with a hepatitis B or C virus carrier or with intravenous drug users.ConclusionIntravenous drug use, blood transfusion, and tattooing were the main risk factors for anti-HCV positivity among blood donors from southern Brazil, but sexual HCV transmission should also be considered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in southern Brazil: a case-control study

Brandão

Fuchs

2002

BMC Gastroenterol

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“…Evaluations of donor selection processes have demonstrated the principle that careful donor selection processes reduce the prevalence of certain TTVIs in accepted blood donors compared with the general population 21‐24 . These data have been supplemented by studies of risk factors for infection of individual TTVIs (notably HIV and HCV) in various groups of accepted blood donors 25‐29 . Others have analyzed reasons for donor deferral 30 and the factors influencing donor behavior and risk disclosure at the screening interview 31‐37 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Reducing the risk of transfusion‐transmissible viral infection through blood donor selection: the Australian experience 2000 through 2006

et al. 2007

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BACKGROUND: Selection of voluntary donors who are at low risk of transfusion‐transmissible viral infection (TTVI) is central in maintaining the safety of the blood supply. Evaluation of its effectiveness and the dynamics of the process may offer opportunities to further improve transfusion safety. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The impact of donor selection on prevalence of TTVI was analyzed in all allogeneic donations in Australia between July 2000 and June 2006 by interviewing donors found to have a TTVI. The presence and disclosure of infective risks was reassessed. RESULTS: A total of 6.3 million donations were tested; of these, 1449 (0.02%) were repeat‐reactive for a TTVI and were discarded. This comprised 605 (42%) positive for the presence of hepatitis B, 818 (56%) positive for the presence of hepatitis C, 18 (1%) positive for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus, and 20 (1%) positive for the presence of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus‐I and/or ‐II (HTLV‐I/II). This prevalence was 50 to 350 times lower than in the Australian population. In 1158 cases (80%), an infective risk was identified; 509 donors (44%) had more than one. The most common identified were country of birth and parental ethnicity (n = 682, 26% of risks), tattoos and/or piercings (n = 448, 18%), and intravenous drug use (n = 302, 12%). In 302 cases (21%) disclosure at predonation screening would have resulted in deferral. Factors influencing nondisclosure included temporal remoteness and perceptions that laboratory testing rendered disclosure unnecessary. CONCLUSION: These findings affirm the effectiveness of current stringent donor selection criteria in reducing the residual risk of TTVI. Ongoing donor education regarding the importance of risk disclosure is required.

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“…This, however, does not mean that the above risk factors should not be considered in the potential mode of transmission among general population. On the other hand, because some blood donors may conceal the fact that they had injection drug use and sexual promiscuity [Kaldor et al, 1992; Neal et al, 1994; Murphy et al, 2000], the other potential risk factors were likely to subject to confounding. Further investigation of these confounding effects is warranted in a larger study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Chengdu, China

He¹,

Zhang²,

Zhong³

et al. 2011

J. Med. Virol.

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The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) positivity among blood donors from Chengdu, China, and to determine risk factors associated with infection. In this study, data were collected from volunteer blood donors between July 2006 and June 2007. Anti-HCV test was performed in 119,518 donors. To identify risk factors associated with HCV infections a case-control study was conducted in 305 unique HCV-seropositive blood donors and 610 seronegative donors matched for age and sex. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. The population attributable risk (PAR) to risk factor was estimated according to the Bruzzi's formula. The prevalence of anti-HCV positivity was 0.53% (95% CI: 0.489-0.572%). The final multivariate model included the following independent HCV risk factors: razor sharing (OR=29.16; 95% CI: 12.89-66.00), blood transfusion (OR=20.84; 95% CI: 3.76-115.45), acupuncture (OR=8.01; 95% CI: 3.16-20.30), a history of hospitalization, injections >10 years earlier, a family history of hepatitis B, dental treatment, and ear piercing. The PAR of risk factors are 68.4%, 6.3%, 14.1%, 23.1%, 29.5%, 29.3%, 38.9%, and 27.8%, respectively, and the total PAR is 98.3%. Infection with HCV among blood donors in Chengdu is associated with iatrogenic risk factors and beauty treatment-related risk. Razor sharing is an important risk factor for HCV infection. These results indicate that infection control measures in healthcare settings may reduce the burden of HCV infection and there is a need for development of effective educational programs to improve HCV knowledge among beauty culture professionals, barber cosmetologists, and the general public to avoid risk behaviors.

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Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in blood donors: a case‐control study

Cited by 102 publications

References 15 publications

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in southern Brazil: a case-control study

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in southern Brazil: a case-control study

Reducing the risk of transfusion‐transmissible viral infection through blood donor selection: the Australian experience 2000 through 2006

Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Chengdu, China

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