Risk factors for gout and prevention: a systematic review of the literature

Abstract

Purpose Our objective was to perform a systematic review of risk factors and prevention of gout. We searched Medline for fully published reports in English using keywords including but not limited to “gout”, “epidemiology”, “primary prevention”, “secondary prevention”, “risk factors’. Data from relevant articles meeting inclusion criteria was extracted using standardized forms. Main Findings Of the 751 titles and abstracts, 53 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. Several risk factors were studied. Alcohol consumption increased the risk of incident gout, especially beer and hard liquor. Several dietary factors increased the risk of incident gout, including meat intake, seafood intake, sugar sweetened soft drinks, and consumption of foods high in fructose. Diary intake, folate intake and coffee consumption were each associated with a lower risk of incident gout and in some cases a lower rate of gout flares. Thiazide and loop diuretics were associated with higher risk of incident gout and higher rate of gout flares. Hypertension, renal insufficiency, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes, obesity and early menopause were each associated with a higher risk of incident gout and/or gout flares. Summary Several dietary risk factors for incident gout and gout flares are modifiable. Prevention and optimal management of comorbidities is likely to decreased risk of gout. Research in preventive strategies for the treatment of gout is needed.

Time course of changes in the clinical manifestations of gout in men: Data of a 7-year retrospective follow-up

“…По дан-ным J. Singh и соавт. [17], проанализировавших наиболее крупные работы по диетотерапии, уменьшение уровня МК в сыворотке крови при соблюдении диеты и занятиях фит-несом составляет всего 10-18%.…”

Gout as a trigger for acute Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy?

“…2 Clinical factors associated with gout include type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperuricaemia, impaired renal function and diuretic therapy. 3,4 Interestingly, poorly controlled diabetes may reduce the risk of gout due to hyperglycaemia-induced polyuria and uricosuria. 5 Patients with diabetes with peripheral neuropathy may not necessarily experience the pain expected, promoting a diagnostic challenge.…”

Lifestyle and dietary habits of patients with gout followed in rheumatology settings

“…Dietary and lifestyle factors have been reported to be implicated in the manifestation of gout, being associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia and incident gout in general population (2). Many of these risk factors have been also identified as triggers for acute flares in patients with prevalent gout (2). Based on these findings, international recommendations for the management of gout recognise dietary intervention and lifestyle modification as core aspects of the non-pharmacological management of gout (3,4).…”

“…Dietary and lifestyle factors have been reported to be implicated in the manifestation of gout, being associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia and incident gout in general population (2). Many of these risk factors have been also identified as triggers for acute flares in patients with prevalent gout (2).…”