Risk Factors for Gallstones; Is 5 F Mnemonic Still Valid?

Abstract

ABSTRACT… Objectives: To find out the frequency of already recognized risk factor of Gallstones in population of Pakistan. Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed as cholelithiasis on ultrasonography were included in the study. Data collection through interview included age, sex, marital status, parity, height and weight. On the basis of height and weight Quetelet's body mass index (weight in kg/height in m 2 ) was calculated. Data collected also included Lipid profile Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17 for descriptive statistics. Setting and Period: This study was done at Department of Surgery, Dow University Hospital for a period of 6 months from February to July 2015. Results: 70% of patients were above 40 years of age, 88% were female, and 83.3% were multiparous while only 32% had BMI above 23. Conclusion: Female gender, fertility, middle age and flatulence are the common risk factors of gallstone formation while obesity is not a definite risk factor in Pakistan.

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“…Triglycerides result in female was OR-1.002, 95% CI: 0.631-1.590, Pvalue 0.995, while in male gender Odd ratio 0.167, CI: 0.075-0.371, P value 0.000. Jaleel F et al 19 and Hayat S et al; 20 also reported strong association of low-level HDL in contrast to present study, while other biomarker consistent with present study. Kumar J et al; also found significant risk association of high level of triglycerides and HDL with GSD.…”

“…18 Literature agreed that increased level of cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides are strongly associated with GSD but many studies failed to show statically significance, while low level of HDL associated with GSD reported highly significant. 18,19 In our study we observed that low level of HDL was associated in GSD but not significant, however increased level of cholesterol was significant in female and HDL were not statically significant in both genders, while LDL and triglycerides association was statically significant only in male gender disease group. In female disease group the Odd ratio for cholesterol was 1.564, 95% CI: 0.995-2.458 and p-Value 0.052, while in male patient Odd ratio 0.261, 95% CI: 0.037-1.830 and p-value 0.157.…”