Risk factors for, frequency, and type of complications after temporary tube cystostomy in goats, sheep, and pigs

Gamsjäger, Lisa; Chigerwe, Munashe

doi:10.1111/vsu.13553

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…This difference could be because of varying degrees of anorexia and or duration of disease, thereby affecting potassium intake. Similar to previous studies, duration of disease, breed, urolith type, location of urolith, blood creatinine, PCV, plasma TP, and procedures performed before surgery were not associated with outcome 5,17 . Although heart rate was not associated with a negative outcome in our study, cattle with abomasal volvulus and heart rates ≥100 are likely to die or be euthanized 18 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Similar to previous studies, duration of disease, breed, urolith type, location of urolith, blood creatinine, PCV, plasma TP, and procedures performed before surgery were not associated with outcome. 5 , 17 Although heart rate was not associated with a negative outcome in our study, cattle with abomasal volvulus and heart rates ≥100 are likely to die or be euthanized. 18 The decrease in blood l‐lactate and creatinine concentrations after surgery compared to measurements before surgery is expected because of intravenous administration of fluids and emptying of the bladder via the transabdominal catheter or cystostomy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Assessment of preoperative and postoperative l‐lactatemia and clinical outcomes in goats undergoing tube cystostomy: A retrospective study of 34 cases (2015‐2020)

Kretsch

Chigerwe

2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Urolithiasis in small ruminants has a poor long‐term prognosis, and long‐term clinical outcomes are variable and unpredictable. Objectives To assess the accuracy of preoperative and postoperative blood l‐lactate concentrations in predicting a negative outcome in goats undergoing tube cystostomy. Animals Thirty‐four male goats undergoing tube cystostomy. Methods Retrospective study. Medical records of goats undergoing tube cystostomy from 2015 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical variables recorded included signalment, procedures before surgery, urolith location and type, duration of hospitalization, and heart rate. PCV, plasma total protein, potassium, preoperative and postoperative blood l‐lactate concentrations, preoperative and postoperative creatinine concentrations, and relative changes in blood l‐lactate and creatinine concentrations over time were measured using heparinized blood. A negative outcome was defined as death or euthanasia from urolithiasis complications at 6 months after discharge. Negative outcomes as a function of independent clinical variables were evaluated using χ2 or Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression. P < .05 was considered significant. Results Median (95% confidence interval) preoperative, postoperative, and the relative change over time of blood l‐lactate concentrations were 3.3 mmol/L (2.2, 4.8), 1.0 mmol/L (0.7, 1.3), and 0.4 mmol/L (−3.5, 3.2), respectively. Preoperative (P = 1), postoperative (P = .14), and the relative change over time (P = .63) of blood l‐lactate concentrations were not significant predictors of a negative outcome. Furthermore, all other clinical variables measured were not significant predictors of a negative outcome (P > .05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Veterinarians should advise clients that clinical outcomes after tube cystostomy in goats are likely unpredictable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Assessment of preoperative and postoperative l‐lactatemia and clinical outcomes in goats undergoing tube cystostomy: A retrospective study of 34 cases (2015‐2020)

Kretsch

Chigerwe

2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Cystotomy and tube cystostomy, which have previously been described in detail 19 and are considered the gold standard treatment of obstructive urolithiasis, are very successful in the short-term but can be fraught with long-term complications in 50% of pigs. 3 Reobstruction, cystitis, and urethral stricture were reported in these cases. 3 However, this is still considered the best treatment option available and is likely to be the only option in cases with uroliths such as calcium carbonate that are refractory to dissolution.…”

Section: Surgical Interventionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…3 Reobstruction, cystitis, and urethral stricture were reported in these cases. 3 However, this is still considered the best treatment option available and is likely to be the only option in cases with uroliths such as calcium carbonate that are refractory to dissolution. In breeding boars, this would be the surgical option most likely to return the animal to breeding soundness, as urethral integrity and function are not affected by this procedure.…”

Section: Surgical Interventionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The most well-described surgical treatment for obstructive urolithiasis in pigs is cystotomy with tube cystostomy. 3 Celiotomy with primary repair of the urinary bladder, removal of any remaining cystoliths, and placement of a tube cystostomy is ideal in cases of ruptured urinary bladder and when nondissolvable uroliths are known or suspected to be within the urinary bladder. Cystostomy tubes are left in place for a minimum of 7 to 10 days 19 prior to removing the tube even if urethral patency is achieved sooner.…”

Section: Surgical Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and management of obstructive urolithiasis in miniature pigs

Simpson

Oman

Depenbrock

2022

javma

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This article provides information to assist practitioners in the diagnosis, medical, and surgical management of obstructive urolithiasis in miniature pigs. The article focuses primarily on pigs managed as pets because production swine rarely undergo intensive treatment for urolithiasis. As much as possible, the information in this article is based on published literature, but given the limited number of publications addressing obstructive urolithiasis in pigs, some information is based on the authors’ clinical experience. Medical and surgical management of obstructive urolithiasis of pigs is often similar to management in ruminant and small animal species, but differences in swine anatomy, handling, and temperament create unique challenges. Pigs tend to be more difficult to restrain and examine than other livestock and often require heavy sedation or anesthesia to facilitate physical examination and basic diagnostic procedures. Because pigs are monogastrics, some oral treatments used in small animals may be used effectively in pigs. Clinicians should follow AMDUCA and consult the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank prior to extralabel drug use because pet pigs are still considered a major food-producing species in the United States.

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Comparison of metrics to assess antibiotic use in small ruminants at a university referral clinic between 2005 and 2019

Firth,

Keppelmüller,

Käsbohrer

et al. 2023

Veterinary Record

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BackgroundMonitoring antibiotic use is essential to provide a framework enabling veterinarians to use antibiotics prudently.MethodsElectronic medical records from the University of Veterinary Medicine's Clinic for Ruminants in Vienna were analysed with respect to sheep and goat antibiotic doses administered over a 15‐year period (2005–2019). Antibiotic use was assessed using total milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), total milligrams, number of doses administered, defined daily doses (DDD) for cattle and estimated DDD for sheep.ResultsA total of 5113 antibiotic doses were recorded over the 15‐year period. Urinary tract disorders required the highest number of doses administered per animal (mean 16.9; median 16.0). Antibiotic use patterns varied according to the metrics used for analysis. By mg/kg, the largest proportion of antibiotics administered were penicillin/streptomycin (43.0% of the total mg/kg), followed by tetracyclines (17.3%) and sulphonamide/trimethoprim combinations (15.2%). By number of doses administered, the most frequently used antibiotics were penicillins (excluding combinations with streptomycin) (33.9% of total number of doses administered), fluoroquinolones (25.1%), third/fourth‐generation cephalosporins (13.6%) and penicillin/streptomycin (13.4%).LimitationsAs the university clinic was a city‐based referral centre, this analysis cannot be compared directly with antibiotic use in commercial herds or flocks.ConclusionsThe considered choice of antibiotic use metrics is essential for an effective and meaningful analysis of the responsible use of antibiotics by veterinarians in practice.

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Risk factors for, frequency, and type of complications after temporary tube cystostomy in goats, sheep, and pigs

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of preoperative and postoperative l‐lactatemia and clinical outcomes in goats undergoing tube cystostomy: A retrospective study of 34 cases (2015‐2020)

Assessment of preoperative and postoperative l‐lactatemia and clinical outcomes in goats undergoing tube cystostomy: A retrospective study of 34 cases (2015‐2020)

Diagnosis and management of obstructive urolithiasis in miniature pigs

Comparison of metrics to assess antibiotic use in small ruminants at a university referral clinic between 2005 and 2019

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