Risk Factors for Falls in a Community-Based Prospective Study of People 70 Years and Older

Campbell, Angela; Borrie, Michael; Spears, G. F. S.

doi:10.1093/geronj/44.4.m112

Cited by 884 publications

(633 citation statements)

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“…It is known that most falls occur when the body is in motion and not during static tasks (Maki & Mcllroy, 1996;Campbell, Borrie, & Spears, 1989). For example, Maki and Mcllroy, (1996) indicated that 54% of falls are due to a slip, trip, overstepping, or a BOS problem during weight transfer.…”

Section: Postural Control During Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

McKenzie

Brown

2004

Gait & Posture

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DEDICATIONI dedicate this thesis to my Poppa, John Joseph Lacey. You have taught me the meaning of dignity.iii ABSTRACTThe effects of postural threat and the potential consequences of obstacle contact on the obstacle negotiation kinematics among younger and older adults were examined. Seventeen older (OA; 7 males, 10 females; mean age, 68.94 ± 4.85) and fifteen younger adults (YA; 5 males, 10 females; mean age, 22.53 ± 2.77) negotiated virtual and real obstacles while walking at a self-determined velocity along a 7.2m walkway under 4 different conditions of postural threat. Postural threat was manipulated by varying the width (0.60m versus 0.15m) and height (floor versus elevated (0.00m versus 0.60m)) of the walkway. Postural threat altered crossing kinematics for all subjects. Specifically, age-related differences emerged with increasing postural threat, however die changes observed among older adults were considerably different from those of younger adults. Additionally, there was an effect for the potential consequences of obstacle contact, however, no age-related differences emerged. These results revealed an effect for postural threat and obstacle characteristics on the negotiation strategies of younger and older adults. Both postural threat and obstacle characteristics elicit conservative crossing kinematics in younger and older adults. Specifically, these findings illustrate age-dependent differences in obstacle negotiation strategies and that postural threat affects older adults differently than younger adults whereas the potential consequences of obstacle contact affects younger and older adults equally. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe did it! This thesis would not have been possible without die support of my family and friends. I would like to show my appreciation to everyone who encouraged and stood by me during the creation of this thesis.

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Section: Postural Control During Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

McKenzie

Brown

2004

Gait & Posture

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“…This underlines the importance for public health-care systems to better understand age-related syndromes and diseases, such as sarcopenia. This condition is characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and its action generating capacity-also termed muscle function-and implies a risk of adverse outcomes such as fall-related injuries and impaired quality of life (Campbell et al 1989;Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010;Rizzoli et al 2013). In addition, it is estimated that the prevalence of sarcopenia is approximately 1-33 % in the community (both genders combined) and that this prevalence increases in older populations (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related decline in muscle mass and muscle function in Flemish Caucasians: a 10-year follow-up

Charlier

Knaeps

Mertens

et al. 2016

AGE

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Aging is a complex process that is accompanied with changes in both muscle mass and muscle function (strength and performance). Therefore, the current longitudinal study aimed to provide a better insight in 10-year aging-related changes in whole-body muscle mass and strength performance of the leg extensors during the adult life span. Data were gathered within the framework of the first- (2002-2004: baseline) and third-generation Flemish Policy Research Center Sport (2012-2014: follow-up). Results are based on muscle characteristics data of 591 Flemish Caucasian adults (19-73 years, 381 men). Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was determined with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Biodex Medical System 3® dynamometer was used to measure isometric (PT static120°) and isokinetic (PT dynamic60°a nd PT dynamic240°) strength, ballistic movement speed (S 20 % ), and muscular endurance (work) of the knee extensors. Overall strength performance was higher at both evaluation moments in men compared to women (p < 0.01). But only S 20 % declined significantly faster in men compared to women (p < 0.01). Age and baseline strength performance were negatively related with the change in strength performance, even when corrected for SMM, protein intake, and energy expenditure during sports (E sport ). In conclusion, strength performance was not associated with E sport in this study, but protein intake was associated with isometric strength in men, and with ballistic and isokinetic strength in women. Changes in S 20 % were significantly greater in men compared to women. Baseline values of strength performance and age were associated with changes in strength performance parameters, even after correction for SMM, protein intake, and E sport .

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“…Risk factors associated with falls among communitydwelling elderly persons 2,3) include muscle weakness, use of certain medications, cognitive impairment, depression, and a history of previous falls [4][5][6][7] . Although falls often have a multi factorial etiology, most falls occur while walking 8) , and it is not surprising that gait impairment is also associated with increased risk of falls 9,10) . Gait dysfunction is a factor that makes daily living activities difficult and is a cause of serious functional disorders 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Plantar Pressure Distributions between the Dominant and Non-dominant Sides of Older Women during Walking

Kim

Gubler

2013

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in plantar pressure distributions between the dominant and non dominant sides during walking by older women with a history of falling. [Subjects] Fourteen older women without foot problems participated in this study. [Methods] Plantar pressure distributions between the dominant and non-dominant sides were recorded using the F-scan system (Tekscan Inc, Boston, USA). Measured parameters included peak plantar pressure and surface area contact during the stance phase from heelstrike to toe-off.[Results] Although there were no differences in peak pressure, contact surface area was significantly greater in the first metatarsal (M1) and heel (H) regions of the dominant side compared to the non-dominant side.[Conclusion] Unequal weight distribution indicated by a greater contact surface area may be an indicator of fall risk during walking by older adults with a history of falls.

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Risk Factors for Falls in a Community-Based Prospective Study of People 70 Years and Older

Cited by 884 publications

References 0 publications

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

Age-related decline in muscle mass and muscle function in Flemish Caucasians: a 10-year follow-up

Comparisons of Plantar Pressure Distributions between the Dominant and Non-dominant Sides of Older Women during Walking

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