Risk factors for extensively drug‐resistant tuberculosis: a review

Lima, Bárbara Flor de; Tavares, Margarida

doi:10.1111/crj.12044

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although tuberculosis primarily involves the lungs, any sort of extrapulmonary involvements can be seen [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Recording, analysis, and reporting the tuberculosis cases is the mainstay of the tuberculosis control program according to the WHO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical presentation of tuberculosis: a nine-year single-center experience

Ekiz

Abakay

2018

The European Research Journal

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Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical presentation of tuberculosis cases from our center for the last nine years. Methods. This study was set as descriptive and retrospective. The data was obtained from the hospital records. Subjects who had been diagnosed as tuberculosis and received treatment in our center between the years 2007 and 2015 were included. The cases were classified as newly diagnosed, relapse, transferred, and returning after default. Results. There were 276 (171 males and 105 females) patients with a mean age of 41.5 ± 19.2 years. Pulmonary involvement is the most common presentation and seen in 155 (56.2%) patients. Lymph node and pleura are the most common extrapulmonary involvements those are seen in 53 (19.2%) and 23 (8.3%) patients, respectively. Number of the cases seems to decreased after 2012. Most (85.1%) of the patients were newly diagnosed. Among the subjects, 55.2% of them had bacteriologic diagnosis, 35.1% had histopathologic diagnosis. Two subjects died during the treatment period whereas 274 of them completed the treatment program. Conclusions. Our results show that tuberculosis is seen mainly in the adult age group. While pulmonary involvement is the most common presentation, lymph node and pleura involvements are the most common extrapulmonary presentations. Number of the tuberculosis seems to decrease for the recent years. Strict preventive measures and treatment strategies should be administered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical presentation of tuberculosis: a nine-year single-center experience

Ekiz

Abakay

2018

The European Research Journal

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“…Casi la mitad de los casos nuevos de TB-XDR de nuestro estudio fueron diagnosticados antes con algún tipo de resistencia, el mayor porcentaje con resistencia MDR y pre-XDR. La revisión de Flor de Lima y Tavares del año 2014 describe que los casos de TB-pre-XDR tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar TB-XDR ( 19 ). Alarcón et al ( 10 ) describen que no se utilizaban las mismas estrategias de tratamiento en los pacientes con TB-pre-XDR que en los casos de TB-XDR, y que los pacientes con este tipo de TB habían tenido tasas de éxito de tratamiento más bajas que los casos de TB-XDR.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Se ha descrito que factores de riesgo como el desempleo, el abuso del alcohol y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas se asociaron con la resistencia a las drogas de segunda línea ( 4 , 8 , 19 ). En nuestro estudio, se reportó casi 10% de casos con antecedente de consumo de drogas y 4% con alcoholismo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Las comorbilidades más frecuentes encontradas en nuestro estudio fueron VIH y diabetes, que se presentaron casi en el 10% de los casos. Esto también fue señalado por otros estudios donde se ha descrito porcentajes mayores al de nuestro estudio, con la TB-XDR identificada como un factor de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes o viceversa, y también se reportó mayor porcentaje de comorbilidad VIH en pacientes con TB resistente que con TB sensible ( 17 , 19 ) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Perfil epidemiológico de la tuberculosis extensivamente resistente en el Perú, 2013-2015

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Escalante-Maldonado³

et al. 2020

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objetivo. Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas y el perfil de resistencia de los casos de tuberculosis extensivamente resistente (TB-XDR) diagnosticados en Perú entre los años 2013 y 2015. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo que incluyó a los pacientes que cumplían con la definición de TB-XDR y que fueron notificados al sistema nacional de vigilancia epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud del Perú. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se elaboró un mapa de calor basado en la estimación de densidad Kernel para identificar la distribución espacial. Resultados. Se estimó que los casos de TB-XDR diagnosticados como nuevos representaron 7,3% del total de casos de tuberculosis multidrogorresistente (TB-MDR) reportados para el período de estudio, 74% de los casos tenían entre 15 y 44 años y la relación hombre/mujer fue de 1,7. La mitad de los departamentos reportó al menos un caso de TB-XDR, con 42% de casos nuevos sin ningún antecedente de resistencia ni tratamiento previo. En la otra mitad de los departamentos, la mayoría tenían resistencia previa tipo MDR y de tipo pre-XDR. El 57,7% de los casos presentaron resistencia a 5 y 7 drogas y 41,6% presentaba resistencia a 8 y 10 drogas de primera y segunda línea. Conclusiones. Este estudio ofrece detalles importantes del perfil epidemiológico de la TB-XDR en el Perú, donde se muestra un incremento de los casos de TB-XDR primario; es decir, casos sin antecedentes de enfermedad previa. Además, esta forma de tuberculosis se ha extendido a un mayor número de departamentos del país.

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“…In California, previous anti-TB treatment was associated with MDR-TB (OR 6.57) (51). A review study revealed that previ-ous TB treatment and duration of treatment, immigration, alcoholism and HIV co-infection were risk factors for developing extensively drug resistant-TB (XDR-TB) (52). We found that 18.7% and 15.7% of INH and RIF resistant cases and 16.6% of MDR-TB patients were Afghan nationals, which were considerably less than 66.5% of MDR-TB patients that had the same nationality in other tertiary level TB center study in Iran (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium Strain and Type of Resistance in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Missed Link in Iran’s National Tuberculosis Plan

et al. 2015

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Background: The Incidence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is constantly increasing.Objectives: This study aimed to clarify an important missed link in Iran's national TB plan. Patients and Methods: Through a 9-month period, all pulmonary TB patients diagnosed based on the national TB protocol, in Shiraz TB center, were selected and culture of TB colonies, drug susceptibility testing (DST), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of IS6110 gene, Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampin (RIF) tuberculosis resistance were done to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Conclusions:Findings of the present study show that 4 out of five new cases of pulmonary TB patients who were diagnosed based on the national TB protocol (clinical symptoms and acid fast bacilli staining) had IS6110 gene (MTB, Mycobactrium TB) and at least one-fifth of this group had A kind of Drug Resistant TB. Therefore, by using PCR ,as a complementary test, it could be possible to start 1st line anti-TB drugs for only MTB cases (up to 77% of the patients) and 2nd line drugs for MDR cases (15% of cases). This policy aims to achieve safety and better outcome for patients while saving human and financial resources in health care system.

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Risk factors for extensively drug‐resistant tuberculosis: a review

Abstract: The information regarding determinants of XDR-TB is relatively weak. However, special emphasis should be given to minimize the risks of TB retreatment to prevent the emergence of highly resistant TB.

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Clinical presentation of tuberculosis: a nine-year single-center experience

Clinical presentation of tuberculosis: a nine-year single-center experience

Perfil epidemiológico de la tuberculosis extensivamente resistente en el Perú, 2013-2015

Mycobacterium Strain and Type of Resistance in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Missed Link in Iran’s National Tuberculosis Plan

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