Risk Factors for Early Sexual Intercourse in Adolescence: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Reis, Larissa F.; Surkan, Pamela J.; Atkins, Kaitlyn; García-Cerde, Rodrigo; Sanchez, Zila M.

doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01519-8

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The current study also highlighted that male participants were more likely to experience penetrative sexual experiences, which is consistent with findings from Reis et al [75], Kushal et al [76], and Roman et al [61]. This may be due to masculinity norms encouraging boys to early sexual initiation [75].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, pornography use by adolescents results in unprotected penetrative and oral sex, a high frequency of casual sex, and an earlier onset of sexual activity [74]. The current study also highlighted that male participants were more likely to experience penetrative sexual experiences, which is consistent with findings from Reis et al [75], Kushal et al [76], and Roman et al [61]. This may be due to masculinity norms encouraging boys to early sexual initiation [75].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Sexual experiences among early adolescents aged 12-14 Years in four districts of Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

Mbarushimana,

Goldstein,

Conco

2024

Preprint

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Background Globally, early adolescents (10-14 years) represent 8% of the world population, and Africa accounts for 25% of them. Although a minority of early adolescents have initiated sexual intercourse, their sexual curiosity results in the exploration and understanding of sexuality. Early sexual intercourse may lead to sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, early pregnancy or fatherhood, and early marriage. Early sexual activity is associated with high rates of unplanned pregnancy, multiple sexual partners, and other forms of risky sexual behaviours. Understanding sexual activity among early adolescents can contribute to designing interventions that adequately address their needs. However, there is limited information about early adolescents' sexual activity and the social-ecological factors associated with their sexual experiences. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual activity and the social-ecological factors associated with sexual experiences among early adolescents (12-14 years) in Rwanda. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among early adolescents (12-14 years) from four districts and 16 secondary schools between November and December 2020. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 56 participants from each school, including 28 males and females from grades one and two, who were randomly selected. We used an adapted version of the Illustrative Questionnaire for Interview - Surveys with Young People. Questions focused on nonpenetrative and penetrative sexual experiences in addition to sociodemographic and other social-ecological characteristics. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Rwanda and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Written parental or legal guardian consent and participants' assent were obtained. We conducted the data analysis in Stata 14.2 and used descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions), bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a significance level of p-value <0.05. Results The study included 811 participants, 55.1% of whom were aged 14, 30.5% were aged 13, and 14.4% were aged 12. Most participants (n=539, 73.5%) lived with both parents, and 48.8% (n=395) described the socioeconomic status of their households as well-off. Nearly 81% (n=658) of the participants indicated that they had experienced non-penetrative sex, and 53 of 759 participants (7%) reported that they had experienced penetrative sex. The social-ecological factors significantly associated with nonpenetrative sexual experiences were attending parties (AOR=6.8, 95% CI= 1.6-29.2), internet use (AOR=1.9, 95% CI= 1.1-3.3) (individual level), and their fathers’ low education (primary: AOR=2.6, 95% CI= 1.4-5.0; secondary: AOR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.0-3.8) (family level). Individual level factors such as male sex (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI= 1.8-12.4), alcohol consumption (AOR=3.5, 95% CI= 1.4-8.8), watching pornography (3-4 times: AOR=7.5, 95% CI= 1.6-34.9, ≥ five times: AOR= 5.1, 95% CI= 1.7-15.0), being a double orphan (AOR:17.8, 95% CI= 1.9-170.2), discussing sex matters often with one’s father (AOR=6.5, 95% CI= 1.8-23.2) (family and relationship level), and forced sexual intercourse (AOR=8.2, 95% CI= 2.7-25.4) (community level) were social-ecological factors associated with penetrative sexual experience. Conclusion Nonpenetrative sexual experience was common, with few participants reporting penetrative sexual experience. The social-ecological factors associated with sexual experiences among early adolescents are modifiable and can assist in planning healthy sexual interventions for this age group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Sexual experiences among early adolescents aged 12-14 Years in four districts of Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

Mbarushimana,

Goldstein,

Conco

2024

Preprint

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“…Early adolescence is a crucial phase marked by significant physical and psychological changes linked to puberty, alongside social adjustments resulting from the transition to middle-level schools. 21 Early adolescents, who are 10-12 years old in Grades 4-6, experience significant physical, psychological, and social changes as they enter adolescence. 18 Challenges confronted by them include susceptibility to engaging in risky sexual behaviors, unprotected sex, nonconsensual sexual encounters, STIs, societal stigmatization, and similar Vol.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Primary Schools in a Province of Northern Thailand

Srikwan,

Klunklin,

Sripichyakarn

et al. 2023

PRIJNR

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Implementing comprehensive sexuality education combats unsafe sexual behavior among children and adolescents. However, risky sexual behavior among teenagers still exists globally, including in Thailand. This qualitative descriptive research aimed to explore the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education in primary schools in a province of northern Thailand and to identify facilitators and barriers related to its implementation. Data were collected from June 2021 to May 2022 through in-depth interviews with 15 primary school teachers and nine primary school principals/deputy directors of academic affairs and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: 1) Promoting implementation of comprehensive sexuality education, including the policy level and the teacher levels, 2) Informal teaching, including non-compulsory subjects, differential content coverage, teaching informal style, availability of teaching aids, and unstructured evaluation, 3) Motivation as a facilitator for implementing comprehensive sexuality education, including teachers’ eagerness, children’s enthusiasm, changes in children’s outcomes, and support for teaching comprehensive sexuality education, and 4) Challenges and overcoming the barriers to implementing comprehensive sexuality education, including traditional vs. a paradigm shift, sensitive issues, lack of coordination, and lack of continuity and sustainability. The findings provide essential evidence that informal teaching in comprehensive sexuality education as a non-compulsory subject is valued, but some barriers should be eliminated by nurses to enhance children’s well-being and actively contribute to the prevention of health issues, including comprehensive sexuality education. Additionally, nurses play an active role in developing prevention programs and promoting healthy lifestyles, which encompass comprehensive sexuality education. The collaboration among nurses, school administrators, and teachers would support the effectiveness of implementing comprehensive sexuality education.

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“…[6][7] Those behaviors may lead to short and long-term consequences such as unwanted pregnancy and STIs. [8][9] As a result of unwanted pregnancy, some adolescents had to undergo abortions, and only half had abortions by professional medical personnel. 9 Unsafe abortions are related to the risk of death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring factors influencing attitudes toward premarital sex among Thai adolescents: a quantitative analysis

Sangkaew,

Kittisuksathit,

Ingard

2023

J Public Hlth Dev

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In Thai society, teenagers having sex before marriage is often avoided as it is considered forbidden. Nonetheless, it is widely believed that young people are becoming more sexually active before marriage. This study aimed to determine factors associated with attitudes toward premarital sex among Thai adolescents. Secondary data was used and drawn from the 2011 Survey on Conditions of Society and Culture by the National Statistical Office Thailand. The total study population was 674 Thai adolescents, comprising 364 younger adolescents aged 13–16 and 310 older adolescents aged 17–19. Three-quarters of the sample were school-going students. The analysis used Pearson chi-square and binary logistic regression. The results found that age, gender, education status, and acceptance toward sexual behaviors had a significant association with attitude toward premarital sex with those under 15 years old (p < .05). The probability of agreement with premarital sex was highly associated with the acceptance of open sexual behavior. However, older age groups and school-going adolescents had less likelihood of agreeing with premarital sex when compared with younger and out-of-school groups. Female adolescents had less probability of agreeing with premarital sex than males. In conclusion, accepting open sexual behavior is at risk of agreeing with premarital sex, but education programs in school may protect them from it. To provide knowledge and prevent the risk of premature sexual activity, sexual health should be promoted, including the appropriate sexual value, in primary school programs. In addition, the government should encourage sexual health through social activities for out-of-school adolescents.

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Risk Factors for Early Sexual Intercourse in Adolescence: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Sexual experiences among early adolescents aged 12-14 Years in four districts of Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

Sexual experiences among early adolescents aged 12-14 Years in four districts of Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Primary Schools in a Province of Northern Thailand

Exploring factors influencing attitudes toward premarital sex among Thai adolescents: a quantitative analysis

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