Risk Factors for Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Long-Term Prognosis after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Premature Coronary Artery Disease

“…The results of our study can supplement existing knowledge regarding the prognosis of patients with STEMI caused by premature CAD who were treated with primary PCI. The prognosis of patients with premature CAD, although more favorable than the prognosis of older patients, is still not completely favorable, and the occurrence of recurrent non-fatal myocardial infarction, caused predominantly by new lesions in the coronary arteries, indicates that more aggressive secondary prevention of coronary disease is necessary, as well as more frequent follow-up during monitoring, so as to improve the prognosis and thus the quality of life [ 1 , 5 , 10 , 11 , 19 , 24 ]. In certain patients, investigation is indicated in terms of the existence of congenital and acquired thrombophilic conditions [ 7 ].…”

“…There is no universal definition of premature CAD [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Some authors have used an age cut-off of 45 years in men and 55 years in women [ 11 ], whereas other authors have used an age cut-off of 65 years [ 10 ]. Recently, an age cut-off of 50 years for men and 55 years for women has been suggested for defining premature CAD [ 7 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…The literature data indicate that premature CAD is present in around 30% of patients diagnosed with CAD [ 11 ]. Patients with premature CAD are a population of particular concern because they may have a poor long-term outcome with a high likelihood of recurrence of the ischemic event [ 1 , 8 , 15 ].…”

“…These patients generally have different risk factors compared to older patients (especially more frequent smoking, family history, and dyslipidemia), but also other “unconventional” risk factors for coronary disease, such as psychosocial stress, obesity, use of psychoactive substances, etc. Also, more often than older patients, these patients have congenital or acquired disorders of hemostasis that can lead to arterial thrombosis and, consequently, to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [ 3 , 5 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Long-Term Prognosis after St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Premature Coronary Artery Disease

“…There is no universal definition of premature CAD [3,[6][7][8][9][10]. Some authors have used an age cut-off of 45 years in men and 55 years in women [11], whereas other authors have used the age cut-off of 65 years [10]. Recently, an age cut-off of 50 years, for men, and 55 years, for women, has been suggested for defining premature CAD [7,10,[12][13][14].…”