Risk factors for depression in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Claxton, Jade; Vibhakar, Viktoria; Allen, Leila; Finn, Jack; Gee, Brioney; Meiser‐Stedman, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100150

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is difficult to make conclusions regarding the direction of the associations in our study, as participants with higher levels of PTE exposure may be more vulnerable to the development of different psychopathology or those with psychopathology may be at a higher risk of experiencing PTEs. In addition, pre‐, peri‐, and posttraumatic risk factors other than PTE exposure in itself might impact some of the variation in the association between PTEs and different diagnoses (Claxton et al., 2021). A final point is that as many as 39.6% of adolescents in the reference group (i.e., no CAMHS contact) had experienced PTEs, and within this group, adolescents had been exposed to an average of 0.5 PTEs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Norwegian National Patient Registry data to understand associations between potentially traumatic life experiences and mental health care use in adolescence

Skandsen,

Hysing,

Askeland

et al. 2023

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Exposure to potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) is common among children and adolescents and associated with an increased risk of psychiatric diagnoses. This study aimed to ascertain how the number of PTEs differed across adolescent psychiatric diagnoses. Data on PTE exposure were derived from the youth@hordaland survey, and Axis 1 data were from the linked Norwegian National Patient Registry (NPR). Among 10,257 total adolescents, 9,555 (age range: 16–19 years, 53.9% female) consented to register linkage, 8,845 of whom were included in the analyses. Having contact with Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) predicted more PTEs (estimated marginal mean [EMM] = 1.04, SE = 0.05) and exposure to two or more PTEs compared to having no CAMHS contact (EMM = 0.60) after adjusting for age, ethnicity, sex, and parental education. Adolescents diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, trauma‐related disorders, conduct disorder, and anxiety experienced significantly more PTEs (EMMs = 0.90–1.63) than those with no CAMHS contact (EMM = 0.57, SE = 0.01). All diagnostic categories except psychosis, autism spectrum disorders, and eating disorders had a significantly higher rate of PTEs compared with adolescents with no CAMHS contact. The study highlights the potential role of exposure to multiple PTEs as a transdiagnostic risk factor, although the level of risk varies between diagnoses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Norwegian National Patient Registry data to understand associations between potentially traumatic life experiences and mental health care use in adolescence

Skandsen,

Hysing,

Askeland

et al. 2023

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…The association between self-PLT and depressive symptoms may be due to elevated levels of PTSS observed in the self-PLT group. For example, a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for depression in trauma-exposed children [ 8 ] revealed that PTSS was by far the largest risk factor for children’s post-trauma depression. Furthermore, studies of children following natural disasters have identified children with concurrent symptoms of PTSS and depression to be at greater risk for poor outcomes over time than those with just PTSS alone (e.g., [ 23 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived life threat in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms

Danzi,

Kelly,

Knowles

et al. 2024

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Defining children’s “trauma exposure” in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a source of debate. Children were exposed to threatening messaging about COVID-19 but might interpret this information differently than adults. Perceived life threat (PLT), the belief that one’s life is in danger, has been identified as a robust predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and may be a better predictor of PTSS than actual life threat (ALT). This study investigated parent reports of children’s self-PLT (belief that they might die from COVID-19) and family-PLT (belief that a family member might die from COVID-19). The aims were to compare PLT to ALT, evaluate their associations with children’s psychological functioning, and identify risk factors associated with PLT. We hypothesized an association between PLT and children’s psychological functioning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents (N = 140) reported on their child’s (M age = 9.81 years, 47% female) pandemic experiences, psychological functioning, and both self-PLT and family-PLT. Results revealed self-PLT for 10% of the children and family-PLT for 43% of the children, yet only 6% experienced ALT (i.e., they or their parent tested positive for COVID-19). Children with reported self- or family-PLT had higher PTSS, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and functional impairment compared to children without these reported beliefs. PLT, but not ALT, was associated with psychological outcomes. Children with only PLT had greater PTSS and impairment than children with ALT. There were differences in parental functioning and pandemic-related information/media exposure between children with and without PLT. Children’s perceptions, rather than objective experiences, may be more central to their psychological functioning. This has implications for screening for pandemic-related symptomatology in children as traditional trauma exposure measures may not adequately identify distressed children.

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Measurement-Based Care for Depression in Youth: Practical Considerations for Selecting Measures to Assess Depression, Associated Features and Functioning

Garza,

Chapa,

Hernandez

et al. 2024

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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Risk factors for depression in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Using Norwegian National Patient Registry data to understand associations between potentially traumatic life experiences and mental health care use in adolescence

Using Norwegian National Patient Registry data to understand associations between potentially traumatic life experiences and mental health care use in adolescence

Perceived life threat in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms

Measurement-Based Care for Depression in Youth: Practical Considerations for Selecting Measures to Assess Depression, Associated Features and Functioning

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