Risk Factors for Death and Severe Neurological Sequelae in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Pelkonen, Tuula; Roine, Irmeli; Monteiro, Lurdes; Correia, Marisol B.; Pitkäranta, Anne; Bernardino, Luís; Peltola, Heikki

doi:10.1086/597463

Cited by 88 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…influenzae type b remains a major cause of pediatric meningitis, with high rates of mortality throughout the world (209,248). In 2007, only 42% of children had access to H. influenzae type b vaccines, although a further 41% access to vaccines will soon be achieved; for the remainder, vaccination is planned to be initiated in subsequent years (Hib Initiative [www.hibaction.org/]).…”

Section: Haemophilus Influenzaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common causative bacteria of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in children aged 3 months and older are S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis, causing 80% of cases in the United States (110,233,248,270). The remainder of cases are caused by group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, nontypeable H. influenzae, other Gram-negative bacilli, L. monocytogenes, and group A streptococci (233).…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reported mortality rates for H. influenzae meningitis range from 3 to 42% (7,246,248). A meta-analysis of pediatric patients with bacterial meningitis showed a mortality rate of 4% among 1,085 patients with H. influenzae meningitis (19).…”

Section: Haemophilus Influenzaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent case series of childhood pneumococcal meningitis reported rates of 8% (11,57). A study including children with pneumococcal meningitis in a resource-poor setting reported a mortality rate of 37% (248). For adults with pneumococcal meningitis, reported case-fatality rates vary between 20 and 37% in high-income countries and up to 51% in resource-poor areas (e.g., Malawi) (57,179,274,294,334,340).…”

Section: Streptococcus Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

2010

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SUMMARY The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.

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Section: Haemophilus Influenzaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Haemophilus Influenzaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Streptococcus Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

2010

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“…Long-term morbidity, especially morbidity related to persistent neurological sequelae, happens in approximately 15% of patients (5) . Sensorineural hearing loss, seizures, motor deficits, hydrocephaly and mental impairment (6)(7)(8)(9) , as well as less evident changes such as cognitive, behavioral and academic problems are observed in children who had BM (10,11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisão sistemática do uso da dexametasona como terapia adjuvante na meningite bacteriana em crianças

Prats

Gaspar

Ribeiro

et al. 2012

Rev. paul. pediatr.

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Revisão sistemática do uso da dexametasona como terapia adjuvante na meningite bacteriana em criançasRevisión sistemática del uso de la dexametasona como terapia adyuvante en la meningitis bacteriana en niños João Antonio G. G ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the best available evidence from the last 15 years on the benefits of adjuvant therapy with dexamethasone for bacterial meningitis in children.Data sources: Randomized controlled trials comparing dexamethasone to placebo and/or other adjuvant therapies in patients with bacterial meningitis diagnosed by biochemical, cytological and/or microbiological data. Studies with patients from 29 days to 18 years of age, from 1996 to 2011, were searched at Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases. The evaluated outcomes were mortality and development of neurological and/or hearing impairment. Studies related to tuberculous meningitis were excluded.Data synthesis: With the specified criteria, five published studies were identified corresponding to four study protocols. None of the studies showed differences between dexamethasone and placebo for the evaluated outcomes. All analyzed studies had high methodological quality (Jadad et al score=5).Conclusions: Current evidence is insufficient to support routine adjuvant therapy with dexamethasone to reduce mortality, hearing impairment, or neurological sequelae in pediatric patients with non-tuberculous bacterial meningitis.Key-words: meningitis, bacterial; dexamethasone; deafness; mortality. RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar a melhor evidência disponível nos últimos 15 anos com relação aos benefícios da terapia adjuvante com dexametasona na meningite bacteriana em população pediátrica.Fontes de dados: Das bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, foram analisados ensaios clínicos randomizados de 1996 a 2011, os quais comparavam a dexametasona ao placebo e/ou a outra terapia adjuvante em pacientes com meningite bacteriana diagnosticada laboratorialmente por critérios quimiocitológicos e/ou bacteriológicos, na faixa etária de 29 dias aos 18 anos. Os desfechos avaliados foram mortalidade e ocorrência de sequelas neurológicas e/ou auditivas. Foram excluídos estudos relacionados à meningite tuberculosa.Síntese dos dados: Com os critérios utilizados, foram identificadas cinco publicações correspondentes a quatro protocolos de estudo. Nenhum dos estudos mostrou diferenças entre a dexametasona e o placebo para os desfechos avaliados. Os estudos analisados tiveram alta qualidade (escore de Jadad et al=5).Conclusões: As evidências encontradas na literatura são insuficientes para indicar de forma rotineira o uso da dexametasona como terapia adjuvante para redução de mortalidade, perda auditiva e sequelas neurológicas em pacientes pediátricos com meningite bacteriana não tuberculosa.Palavras-chave: meningite bacteriana; dexametasona; surdez; mortalidade. João Antonio G. G. Prats et al RESUMEN Objetivo:El presente estudio tiene por objetivo el análisis de la mejor evidencia disponible los últimos 15 años respecto a los beneficios de la terapia adyuvant...

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Osmotic therapies as adjuncts to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis

Wall

Ajdukiewicz

Heyderman

et al. 2010

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Risk Factors for Death and Severe Neurological Sequelae in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Cited by 88 publications

References 12 publications

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Revisão sistemática do uso da dexametasona como terapia adjuvante na meningite bacteriana em crianças

Osmotic therapies as adjuncts to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis

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