Risk factors for COVID-19 virus infection among health workers: A case-control study in the Bono East Region of Ghana

Opoku, Michael Mireku; Asante, Kwaku Poku; Gyaase, Stephaney; Teviu, EmmanuelA.A.; Amponsah, Kingsley; Twum, Anthony; Kusi, Kwabena Fosuhene; Ampofo, Alfred Kwadwo; Adomako‐Boateng, Fred

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2022.08.008

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…26 Kepatuhan terhadap penggunaan APD oleh tenaga kesehatan menjadi hal yang penting, karena berdasarkan penelitian BPharm et.al (2022) ditemukan bahwa untuk kelompok kasus, yaitu kelompok yang tidak patuh terhadap kebersihan tangan dan penggunaan APD, memiliki risiko infeksi 1,7 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. 13 Selain itu, dalam penelitian Vimercati (2020), ditemukan bahwa kelompok berisiko tinggi memiliki risiko infeksi lebih tinggi daripada prevalensi yang ditemukan pada kelompok berisiko rendah. Dalam penelitian tersebut ditemukan pula adanya 10 tenaga kesehatan dari kelompok berisiko tinggi yang teridentifikasi positif COVID-19, akibat kontak dengan pasien positif COVID-19, tanpa dilindungi APD.…”

Section: Hasil Penelitian Dan Pembahasanunclassified

Systematic Review: Faktor yang Berperan terhadap Efektivitas Penggunaan APD dalam Mencegah Transmisi Covid-19 pada Tenaga Kesehatan

Azmi¹,

Tejasari²,

Hanum³

2023

BCSMS

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Abstract. The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic started first in Wuhan, China and listed as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Health workers(HCW) treat COVID-19 patients directly, so the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is higher than the general population. During the COVID-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) has become a necessity. In particular, HCW need PPE to protect against the spread of infection. 1 The use of PPE can reduce the risk of infection associated with treating COVID-19 patients, to prevent the transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 virus must use PPE. PPE includes masks, gloves, eye protection, and gowns needed to protect individuals from exposure to the virus SARS-CoV-2. So this study aims to determine the Effectiveness of Using PPE in Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission in HCW. The type of research used is a systematic review using 3 databases ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Pubmed. then selected articles for 2020–2022 with an Observational research design and a special design. on data searching, 17,337 articles were found, and 818 articles were obtained. Then a PICOS analysis was carried out and 15 articles were obtained that would be critically reviewed and the results were 7 articles. From 7 articles, a relationship was obtained between the use of PPE in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and influencing factors such as availability, quantity, training, compliance and type of use of PPE. Using respirator masks and N95 surgical masks is superior to disposable masks or cloth masks in reducing the spread of the virus because they have the highest filtration efficiency and reduce aerosol penetration >96.67% at a distance of 0–1.5 m. Abstrak. Pandemi Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dimulai pertama kali di Wuhan, Cina dan terdaftar sebagai pandemi oleh World Health Organization (WHO). Tenaga kesehatan menangani pasien COVID-19 secara langsung sehingga berisiko lebih tinggi terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 daripada populasi umum. Selama masa pandemic COVID-19, alat pelindung diri (APD) telah menjadi kebutuhan. Secara khusus, tenaga kesehatan membutuhkan APD untuk perlindungan terhadap penyebaran infeksi. Penggunaan APD dapat mengurangi risiko infeksi terkait dengan perawatan pasien COVID-19, untuk mencegah transmisi virus SARS-Cov-2 harus menggunakan APD. APD meliputi mask, hand gloves, eye protector, dan gown diperlukan untuk melindungi dari paparan virus SARS-CoV-2. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah systematic review menggunakan 3 database ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, dan Pubmed. kemudian dipilih artikel tahun 2020–2022 dengan desain penelitian Observational dan design khusus. Pada pencarian data didapatkan 17,337 artikel dan pada skrining didapatkan 818 artikel. Kemudian dilakukan analisis PICOS dan didapatkan 15 artikel yang akan ditelaah kritis dan hasilnya 7 artikel. Dari 7 artikel diperoleh hubungan antara penggunaan APD dalam mencegah transmisi COVID-19 dengan faktor yang mempengaruhi seperti ketersediaan, kuantitas, peltihan, kepatuhan dan jenis penggunaan APD. Menggunakan masker respirator dan masker bedah N95 lebih unggul dibandingkan masker sekali pakai atau masker kain dalam mengurangi penyebaran virus karena memiliki efisiensi filtrasi tertinggi dan mengurangi penetrasi aerosol >96,67% pada jarak 0–1,5 m.

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Section: Hasil Penelitian Dan Pembahasanunclassified

Systematic Review: Faktor yang Berperan terhadap Efektivitas Penggunaan APD dalam Mencegah Transmisi Covid-19 pada Tenaga Kesehatan

Azmi¹,

Tejasari²,

Hanum³

2023

BCSMS

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“… 18 , 19 In a case-control study among HCWs in Ghana, COVID-19-positive cases were about 71% more likely to be poorly adherent to hand hygiene or PPE usage. 20 Good adherence to IPC practices can be facilitated by effective training and the provision of PPE as well as routinely auditing safety measures. 21 A study reported that HCWs who did not receive training on PPE had two times increased odds of non-compliance to IPC practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies in Ghana have assessed IPC practices among HCWs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. 20 , 23 – 25 About 9.1–80.8% adherence to IPC practices during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported among HCWs in Ghana. 20 , 23 , 25 Ashinyo et al 23 reported that non-clinical staff had 57.0% reduced risks of adherence to hand hygiene compared to clinical staff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 20 , 23 – 25 About 9.1–80.8% adherence to IPC practices during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported among HCWs in Ghana. 20 , 23 , 25 Ashinyo et al 23 reported that non-clinical staff had 57.0% reduced risks of adherence to hand hygiene compared to clinical staff. Abatanie et al 25 in their study found that about 60.2% of HCWs had adequate knowledge of COVID-19 safety protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health and safety of health workers in the Suame Municipality of Ghana – Lessons learnt from the COVID-19 outbreak in infection prevention and control for future pandemics

Darko,

Opoku,

Ayisi-Boateng

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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Objectives: Effective adherence to infection prevention and control practices is needed to reduce the rate of healthcare-acquired infections among healthcare workers. Policies to control healthcare-acquired infections among healthcare workers can be designed and implemented using information on adherence to infection prevention and control practices adherence and its determinants. This study, therefore, sought to assess the adherence to infection prevention and control practices among healthcare workers during the 2019 Coronavirus disease pandemic. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 randomly selected healthcare workers in four health facilities in the Suame Municipality, Ghana. Data on participants’ socio-demographics, knowledge of infection prevention and control practices and adherence to infection prevention and control practices were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of demographic characteristics and knowledge of infection prevention and control on adherence to infection prevention and control practices among study participants. Results: Over three-quarters (75.9%) of the study participants had adequate knowledge of infection prevention and control practices with a significant knowledge gap in the colour coding of bin liners for waste segregation (35.6%). The proportion of study participants who reported good adherence to infection prevention and control practices was 86.7%. Healthcare workers who were 33 years and above (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.27; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.08–0.92) and absence of an infection prevention and control committee at the facility AOR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08–0.73) had reduced odds of good adherence to infection prevention and control practices. Nursing staff (AOR: 9.49, 95% CI: 2.51–35.87) and having adequate knowledge of infection prevention and control practices (AOR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.19–5.97) were associated with increased odds of good adherence to infection prevention and control practices. Conclusion: Adherence to infection prevention and control practices was high among this sample of Ghanaian healthcare workers. Interventions and strategies to improve adherence should include the setting up of infection prevention and control committees, education and strict observance of colour coding of bin liners for waste segregation and intensification of training of healthcare workers in infection prevention and control practices.

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“…A recently published study by Opoku et al reported PPE use of 59.5% among HCWs in one region in Ghana [ 21 ]. Years of practice experience, type of health facility and adherence to IPC when in contact with patients were risk factors identified in the study [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for COVID-19 infections among health care workers in Ghana

et al. 2023

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Introduction Health care workers (HCWs) are crucial to the fight against COVID-19 and are at risk of being infected. We sought to determine the risk factors and associations of COVID-19 among HCWs in Ghana during the period of the pandemic. Materials and methods A case-control study was conducted using the WHO COVID-19 HCWs exposure risk assessment tool. A HCW was categorized as “high risk” for COVID-19 if s/he did not respond “always, as recommended” to adherence to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures during a healthcare interaction. A HCW was categorized as “low risk” if s/he responded “always, as recommended” to adherence to IPC measures. We used univariate and multiple logistic regression models to determine associated risk factors. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results A total of 2402 HCWs were recruited and the mean age was 33.2±7.1 years. Almost 87% (1525/1745) of HCWs had high risk for COVID-19 infection. Risk factors identified were profession (doctor- aOR: 2.13, 95%CI: 1.54–2.94; radiographer—aOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.44–3.09)), presence of comorbidity (aOR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.29–2.78), community exposure to virus (aOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.55), not performing hand hygiene before and after aseptic procedures performed (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.05–2.45); not frequently decontaminating high-touch surfaces always as recommended (aOR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.65–3.22; p = 0.001) and contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient (aOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15–1.67). Among those who came into any form of contact with confirmed COVID-19 patient, providing direct care (aOR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.36–2.94), face-to-face contact (aOR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.41–3.51), contact with environment/materials used by COVID-19 patient (aOR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.45–3.49) and presence during conduct of aerosol generating procedures (aOR: 2.73, 95%CI: 1.74–4.28) were associated with COVID-19 infection. Conclusion Non-adherence to IPC guidelines puts HCWs at increased risk of COVID-19 infection thus ensuring IPC adherence is key to reducing this risk.

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Risk factors for COVID-19 virus infection among health workers: A case-control study in the Bono East Region of Ghana

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Systematic Review: Faktor yang Berperan terhadap Efektivitas Penggunaan APD dalam Mencegah Transmisi Covid-19 pada Tenaga Kesehatan

Systematic Review: Faktor yang Berperan terhadap Efektivitas Penggunaan APD dalam Mencegah Transmisi Covid-19 pada Tenaga Kesehatan

Health and safety of health workers in the Suame Municipality of Ghana – Lessons learnt from the COVID-19 outbreak in infection prevention and control for future pandemics

Risk factors for COVID-19 infections among health care workers in Ghana

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