Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment after Ischemic Stroke

Nurani, Rr Rizqi Saphira; Martini, Santi

doi:10.18502/kls.v4i9.3560

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…When other risk factors affecting cognitive functions were evaluated, the MMSE and FIM-cognitive scores were lower in female stroke patients in our study. Similar studies to ours indicate that cognitive functions are affected more in women (20,21). On the contrary, a study shows that cognitive function is more adversely affected in men (18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Numerous risk factors have been identified that may affect post-stroke cognitive impairment, including age, gender, education level, HT, DM, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and the presence of aphasia (18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we believe that the test results evaluating the cognitive functions of people with low education levels before their stroke may also have been low. Some studies' data indicate that smoking (20,28), HT (18,20,28,29), and DM (21,27,29) may also be risk factors for the development of PSCI. However, our study revealed no difference between smokers and non-smokers, or between those with and without HT or DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Rehabilitation without Specific Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions in Stroke Patients: Evaluation with Risk Factors

et al. 2023

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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate if rehabilitation without specific cognitive rehabilitation improved cognitive functions in patients who had suffered a stroke more than 1 year ago, and to correlate this finding with risk factors. Material and Methods Thirty stroke patients were included in the study. A rehabilitation program was administered to the patients for a total of 30 sessions, 5 days a week. In addition, demographic data of the patients were collected, as well as several risk factors that may impair their cognitive function. The pre- and post-treatment cognitive function of the patients was evaluated using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and functional independence measure (FIM)-cognitive. Pre- and post-treatment motor function measured by the Brunnstrom motor recovery stage (BMRS). Pre- and post-treatment walking ability was assessed with Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC). Along with the general comparison of cognitive function pre- and post-treatment, additional pre- and post-treatment comparisons were made according to risk factors. Results According to MMSE and FIM-cognitive scores, improvement in cognitive function was detected following treatment (p

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Rehabilitation without Specific Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions in Stroke Patients: Evaluation with Risk Factors

et al. 2023

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“…Residual events post-stroke attack is a concern to not only the patient, but also their caregiver and physicians. The incidence of post-stroke cognitive impairment is high, in which 67.4% of subjects of this study were proven to be cognitively impaired, higher than the previous study [7,8]. Differences in the incidence are due to the demographic differences between the research subjects and the research instruments used by each researcher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Risk factors of cognitive impairment post-ischemic stroke

Utomo

Pinzon

2023

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Background Stroke is still remarked as one of the major ailments in Indonesia. Cognitive impairment occurs frequently after stroke events and its predictors are needed to identify patients with a high risk of cognitive impairment. However, the researches done in Indonesia still vary in results. This retrospective cohort study evaluated 236 ischemic stroke patients in Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta from January–November 2020 through medical records. Cognitive impairment was measured by MMSE and CDT, defined as MMSE score $$\le$$ ≤ 20 for patients with the educational attainment of 1–6 years; $$\le$$ ≤ 24 for the educational attainment of > 6 years and/ or CDT < 4. All data were analyzed with univariate test and Chi-square test, followed by logistic regression. Results Of 236 subjects, the frequency of cognitive impairment was 67.4% and the risk factors are age > 80 years old (RR: 1,545; CI 0.136–17.542; p: 0.026), educational attainment ≤ 6 years (RR: 20.016; CI 1.951–222.120; p: 0.012), temporal (RR: 4.238; CI 2.266–7.926; p: 0.007) or multiple site lesion location (RR: 7.522; CI: 3.522–17.532; p: 0.047) and multiple (> 1) lesions (RR: 1,819; CI 0.822–4.022; p: 0.040). Conclusions The prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment is high, affecting up to 2 out of 3 people in this study. The risk factors of post-stroke cognitive impairment are age > 80 years, educational attainment $$\le$$ ≤ 6 years, temporal or multiple site lesion, and > 1 lesion. Strict stroke prevention strategies are needed to halt the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment.

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“…Previous studies, both original articles and systematic reviews, were more focused on the identification of the significant association of vascular risk factors of ischemic stroke and the prevalence of post-ischemic stroke cognitive decline. 20,21,22 In general, vascular risk factors are divided into two main groups, nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors respectively. Nonmodifiable risk factors consist of age, gender and ethnicity, while modifiable risk factors consist of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and atrial fibrillation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Level of Education and Post-Stroke Cognitive Status in Hospital-Based Ischemic Stroke Survivors

Harahap

Indrayana

Putri

2021

MNJ

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Background: Post-ischemic stroke cognitive decline is significantly affecting the quality of life of its survivors. Its prevalence was about 7.5-72% which was mostly determined by the existing of vascular risk factors and cognitive reserve of the subjects. Level of education is one of determinants of cognitive reserve, a factor that affect the susceptibility of subjects to cognitive decline after experiencing ischemic stroke-related neuronal damage. Since level of education is protective for cognitive function, the intervention on it can reduce the occurrence of cognitive decline. Objective: To investigate the relationship between level of education and cognitive status among hospital-based ischemic stroke survivors. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved post-ischemic stroke outpatients in two hospitals. The data collected in this study were demographic data, including level of education, and clinical data as well. The level of education was categorized into ≥12 years and <12 years groups. Cognitive status was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Indonesia version (MoCA-Ina) and subjects with score of 26-30 were normal. The relationship between level of education as well as clinical data and cognitive status were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: There were 166 subjects eligible for this study (n=166). The mean age of subjects was 58 years and 68.67% of them were male. Cognitive decline were found 80.12% of subjects (n=133). The level of education was significantly associated with cognitive status of the subjects and hypertension as well. Conclusion: The level of education had significant relationship with cognitive decline in the hospital-based population of ischemic stroke survivors.

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Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment after Ischemic Stroke

Abstract: .

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

The Effect of Rehabilitation without Specific Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions in Stroke Patients: Evaluation with Risk Factors

The Effect of Rehabilitation without Specific Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions in Stroke Patients: Evaluation with Risk Factors

Risk factors of cognitive impairment post-ischemic stroke

Relationship Between Level of Education and Post-Stroke Cognitive Status in Hospital-Based Ischemic Stroke Survivors

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