Risk factors for chronic obstructive lung disease in Saudi Arabia

Døssing, Martin; Khan, Javed; Alrabiah, Fahad

doi:10.1016/s0954-6111(05)80334-8

Cited by 86 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In one study, risk factors of COPD were investigated in Saudia Arabia. They reported that exposure to indoor open fires in poorly ventilated homes was a risk factor for COPD (15). Dennis et al (16) showed that tobacco use, wood smoke for cooking, passive smoking, and gasoline use for cooking were associated with obstructive airway disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis-asthma symptoms in biomass fuel exposed females

Uzun

Özbay

Ceylan

et al. 2003

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives: We investigated whether exposure to biomass fuel is a potential risk factor for chronic bronchitis and asthma among females in rural area in Van (east Turkey).Methods: The effect of indoor pollution producing various respiratory symptoms was studied in 177 females. Of these, 90 were those who used biomass fuel and 87 were nonusers of biomass fuel. A part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey quastionnaire and British Medical Research Council questionnaire were used.Results: Asthma related symptoms (AS) (wheezing, and combination of wheezing without a cold and wheezing with breathlessness) were reported in 63.3% of those who used biomass fuel, and in 12.9% of nonusers (p<0.0001). The use of asthma medication was reported as 3.3% of biomass fuel users, and in 2.7% of nonuser (p>0.05). Long term cough and/or morning cough together with sputum (chronic bronchitis symptoms (BS) was reported as 58.9% in the user group, and 29.4% in the nonuser group (p<0.0001). Significant differences in AS and BS were found between biomass fuel user and nonuser groups in the rural area.Conclusions: The results of this study showed a significant association between symptoms of chronic bronchitis-asthma and biomass fuel usage in females living in a rural area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis-asthma symptoms in biomass fuel exposed females

Uzun

Özbay

Ceylan

et al. 2003

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…The types of compounds present in the smoke released after burning incense suggest that they can cause a number of acute and chronic health effects. Although a number of studies has suggested that smoke released from burning can cause respiratory health effects [160,161], lung cancer [162][163][164] and dermatological allergic reactions, and could be mutagenic and or genotoxic [165][166][167], the evidence is inconsistent, with some studies finding inverse relationships for lung cancer [168,169] and COPD [66].…”

Section: Burning Of Incense Sticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air pollution and the lung in low- and medium-income countries

2012

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Over half the world's population, mostly from developing countries, use solid fuel for domestic purposes and are exposed to very high concentrations of harmful air pollutants with potential health effects such as respiratory problems, cardiovascular problems, infant mortality and ocular problems. The evidence also suggests that, although the total percentage of people using solid fuel is decreasing, the absolute number is currently increasing. Exposure to smoke from solid fuel burning increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer in adults, and acute lower respiratory tract infection/pneumonia in children. Despite the heterogeneity among studies, the association between COPD and exposure to smoke produced by burning different types of solid fuel is consistent. However, there is strong evidence that while coal burning is a risk factor for lung cancer, exposure to other biomass fuel smoke is less so. There is some evidence that reduction of smoke exposure using improved cooking stoves reduces the risk of COPD and, possibly, acute lower respiratory infection in children, so approaches to reduce biomass smoke exposure are likely to result in reductions in the global burden of respiratory disease.

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“…Exposure to occupational dusts and chemicals, infections, and outdoor and indoor air pollution, are also contributing factors to the development of COPD [7]. For instance the occurrence of COPD among housewives in Mexico, Saudi Arabia, India and Iran can be explained by the exposure of indoor smoke due to domestic cooking fuels [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: At Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Oudijk

Lammers²,

Koenderman³

2003

European Respiratory Journal

166

110

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a chronic inflammation in the pulmonary tissue. The disease is associated with a switch from a self-limiting inflammatory response, mainly initiated by smoke inhalation, to a chronic persistent inflammatory response after prolonged interaction with cigarette smoke. The extent of the inflammatory reaction is correlated with the severity of the disease.Chronic inflammation in the pulmonary tissue is also associated with systemic effects. These effects range from cytokine-induced priming of peripheral leukocytes, to muscle wasting induced by cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-a. Despite a general consensus that chronic inflammation is a characteristic phenomenon of the disease, surprisingly little is known regarding the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.A clear communication is present between the disease mechanisms in the pulmonary compartment and peripheral tissues, leading to the concept of COPD as a systemic inflammatory disease. This communication can be mediated by: 1) leakage of reactive oxygen species and stress-induced cytokines directly into the peripheral blood, 2) (pre)activation of peripheral blood leukocytes that can result in aberrant homing and activation of inflammatory cells in distant tissues, and 3) the liberation of proinflammatory mediators by leukocytes and/or stromal cells present in the pulmonary tissues during progression of the disease.The current authors hypothesise that the occurrence of a chronic inflammatory response after prolonged interaction of the pulmonary tissue with cigarette smoke causes aberrant homing of leukocytes to the tissue and delayed apoptosis. This leads to the autonomous characteristic of the inflammatory response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: Suppl. 46, 5s-13s.

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Risk factors for chronic obstructive lung disease in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 86 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis-asthma symptoms in biomass fuel exposed females

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis-asthma symptoms in biomass fuel exposed females

Indoor air pollution and the lung in low- and medium-income countries

Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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