Risk factors for chronic non-diseases and cardiovascular risk anthropometric indices: is there a correlation?

Abstract

It aimed to correlate the prevalence of risk factors with the anthropometric indices of risk analysis for CVD in employees of a university center in Fortaleza/CE. It was a cross-sectional, observational, quantitative, descriptive, and analytical study, carried out in a Higher Education Institution. Sociodemographic, food consumption and anthropometric data were collected, in addition to the self-reported presence of any chronic disease, from August 2019 to January 2020. Anthropometric data were classified according to the WHO, characterizing the nutritional status and the presence of risk for CVD. Food frequency was analyzed by food groups, correlated with risk for CVD (eg consumption of soft drinks and sweets, whole milk, red meat with apparent fat and added salt). Data tabulation was performed in Microsoft Excel 2019 and statistical analyzes in SPSS 22.0. All data were collected after approval by the ethics committee and participants signed an informed consent form. Eighty employees were evaluated, 65% women, aged between 20 and 29 years old (50%, 62.5%), brown with 56.70% and with at least complete high school (52.5%). In the BMI, 68.75% were overweight (p= 0.172). Regarding the classification of WC, 62.5% of the population has a moderate to high risk according to their classification, with a difference between genders (p=0.00). In PC, 77.5% are obese and overweight (p=0.639). In WHtR, 75% of women and 60.7% of men had risk values, with no difference between genders (p=0.184). In both sexes, they ingested soda and artificial drinks from 1 to 2 days a week, where 42.9% were men and 30.8% were women (p = 0.654), consuming sweets 1 to 2 days a week, with the percentage of 37,5% (p=0.431). Vegetables and vegetables cooked, 3 to 4 times a week, 45% of the population consumed and 26.25% rarely consumed these raw foods. In red meat with visible fat, it was observed that most of the population consumes (57.5%) and whole milk (70%). Employees also presented as a protective factor for hypertension and dyslipidemia the presence of milk consumption and as a risk, and a higher risk when they had a BMI >25kg/m2. Thus, it could be observed that there is a large consumption of foods with saturated fats such as red meat and sugars such as soft drinks, sweets and artificial drinks that end up contributing to excess weight, cardiovascular risks and it is possible to identify how eating habits and the indicators are related to the development of chronic diseases.