Risk factors for childhood homicides in Ohio: a birth certificate-based case-control study.

Winpisinger, Kim A.; Hopkins, Renee; Indian, Robert W.; Hostetler, J R

doi:10.2105/ajph.81.8.1052

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[3][4][5] However, methodologic challenges in child maltreatment research have hampered identification of important risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies. 6 Several studies have identified the following maternal risk factors for fatal child maltreatment and child homicide 3,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] : young maternal age, 3,5,8,9,12,13 Ͻ12 years of maternal education, 3,5,8,9 late or no prenatal care, 3,5,9,12,13 unmarried parents, 3,8,9,12 black race, 3,5,12,13 and higher parity. 13 Child characteristics that are risk factors include male gender 9,13 and low birth weight.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Household Composition and Risk of Fatal Child Maltreatment

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Child characteristics that are risk factors include male gender 9,13 and low birth weight. 3,7,8,12 Previously documented maltreatment is a strong risk factor for child homicide. 10,11 These studies are limited by their lack of information on household composition at the time of the child's death.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Composition and Risk of Fatal Child Maltreatment

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although previous reports, [5][6][7][8] have shown low birth weight to be a risk factor for both infant homicide and unintentional injury, its association independent of race has not been examined. Because birth weight, like race, is highly correlated with other markers of low socioeconomic status, the mechanism leading to fatal injury is not clear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury related infant death: the impact of race and birth weight

Jain

Khoshnood²,

Lee³

et al. 2001

Inj Prev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-To examine the eVect of race and birth weight independent of other sociodemographic factors on injury related infant death using national data. Setting-Infants born in the United States to mothers who were white (nonHispanic), African American, Mexican American, and Native American. Methods-Linked infant birth and death data from the National Center for Health Statistics for 1989-91 were analyzed to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for death due to homicide or unintentional injury within the first year of life. In addition to maternal race and birth weight, the risk of death was adjusted for maternal age, prenatal care, maternal education, paternal education, marital status, birth order, interval since last pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, and alcohol intake during pregnancy. Results-Among 10.7 million births during 1989-91, 821 homicides and 2397 unintentional deaths were reported in infants. Relative to whites, African Americans were at highest risk for homicides (unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios = 3.6 (95% confidence interval = 3.1 to 4.2) and 1.6 (1.3 to 1.9), respectively) and Native Americans at highest risk for unintentional injuries (unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios = 3.8 (3.0 to 4.8) and 2.1 (1.7 to 2.6), respectively). After accounting for other sociodemographic factors, Mexican American infants appeared protected from injury (adjusted odds ratio = 0.7 (0.6 to 1.0) for homicides and 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) for unintentional injuries). An inverse eVect of birth weight was seen-as birth weight decreased, risk of homicides and unintentional injuries increased. After adjustment for the sociodemographic factors, very low birthweight babies were still at substantially increased risk of homicides with an odds ratio of 2.1 (1.4 to 3.1) and unintentional injuries with an odds ratio of 2.9 (2.4 to 3.7). Conclusions-Using a large national dataset, the eVect of race as a risk factor for fatal infant injuries was mostly explained by birth weight and other sociodemographic factors. Preventable risk factors need to be identified for African Americans and Native Americans, in particular. Birth weight is an important independent risk factor; very low birthweight babies should be monitored for both homicide and unintentional injury. (Injury Prevention 2001;7:135-140)

show abstract

“…Risk is somewhat higher for males and the perpetrator is most often the mother (Christoffel, 1990;Crittenden & Craig, 1990;Hampton, 1987). Factors contributing to vulnerability for physical abuse and battering death of young children have been identified to include poverty; metropolitan residence; low birth weight; handicapping condition; young unmarried mothers, especially teenagers; mothers with less formal education; and history of abuse in the parent's family (Christoffel, 1990;Crittenden & Craig, 1990;Hampton, 1987;Winpisinger, Hopkins, Indian, Hostelter, 1991).…”

Section: Nature and Characteristics Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Americans.

Hammond¹,

Yung²

1994

Reason to Hope: A Psychosocial Perspective on Violence &Amp; Youth.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Description of the PopulationAfrican Americans make up approximately 12% of the total population of the United States (Children's Defense Fund, 1991). The majority of African Americans in the United States are individuals whose ancestors were brought into the nation from different African countries as slaves. However, this ethnic designation also encompasses newer waves of emigrants from Africa and from the West Indies (Ho, 1992). Thus, although sharing identifiable physical and racial characteristics such as darker skin color and in most cases a common heritage of ancestral slavery, the national African American population is a culturally diverse group. In addition to any lasting effects of indigenous traditions and values extended from the multiple countries of origin, African Americans are subject to the varying influences of modern American ethnic communities that may have distinct customs according to geographic region, rural versus urban location, and socioeconomic factors.In general, African Americans have not achieved a status of parity relative to the White majority in the United States in terms of income, employment, educational attainment, and health. Rates of African American children living in poverty have increased in the past two decades largely because of rising birth rates among unmarried African American adolescents, who account for 45.9% of all teenage births. Child poverty rates for the total national population of African American children are estimated a t 45.1%, compared with 15% for White children. Both male and female African American teenagers are more likely to drop out of school than White youth and to suffer the related difficulties in obtaining jobs as the national demand for unskilled workers continues to decline. The unemployment rates even for African Americans completing high school may be as much as 25% higher than the rates for White high school dropouts (Children's Defense Fund, 1991). African Americans are also disproportionately represented in the population suffering early deaths from preventable diseases or conditions such as infant mortality, AIDS, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and violence (Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health, 1986).

show abstract

Risk factors for childhood homicides in Ohio: a birth certificate-based case-control study.

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Household Composition and Risk of Fatal Child Maltreatment

Household Composition and Risk of Fatal Child Maltreatment

Injury related infant death: the impact of race and birth weight

African Americans.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About