Risk Factors for Cancer: Genetic and Environment

Rahman, Mohammad Shafiur; Suresh, Sithara; Waly, Mostafa I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75693-6_1

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Many factors are involved in the development of malignant diseases. Exposure to carcinogens, radiation, and so forth are well known as potential contributing parameters, but it is also certain that genetic factors are involved 10 . In recent years, genes such as BRCA1 have been known to be associated with familial tumors, and public interest has intensified in the familial recurrence risk of malignancies 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of familial recurrence risk of malignancy: Application of liability threshold model in genetic counseling

Nagao

2022

Clinical Genetics

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Apart from some Mendelian-inherited tumors, malignancies are multifactorial diseases, and reported data are often the only sources to estimate familial recurrence risk. Edwards' approximation formula has provided one way forward, but it uses estimates only from incidence in the general population, and is thus too simple to be widely utilized for complex individual instances. On the other hand, the heritability of malignancies has been estimated from twin studies, and it has been found that different tumors have rather different heritability. In the present study, I report a method to estimate the familial recurrence risk from the population incidence and the heritability of each malignancy, applying Falconer's liability threshold model. Trial calculations with this method using literature data support its potential use. For example, the calculation indicated that the relative risk of developing stomach cancer is 2.1 times in the first-degree relatives than in the general population whereas for leukemia the risks were estimated to be 7.4 times and 2.9 times for the first-and the second-degree relatives, respectively. Thus, the proposed method could be a useful tool in genetic counseling for risk of malignancies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of familial recurrence risk of malignancy: Application of liability threshold model in genetic counseling

Nagao

2022

Clinical Genetics

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“…Cancer is a multifactorial disease. There are number of factors such as the age, genetic predisposition, alteration in the genetic framework, diet and habits that can trigger tumorigenesis ( 52 ). Studies over the past decades have evidenced the involvement of various mutations in the signaling machinery that contribute towards development of cancer ( 53 ).…”

Section: Hedgehog Signaling In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to this, SMO dysregulation has been affiliated with CSC growth and differentiation targeting; the dysregulated SMO can be a potential target for the treatment of CRC (50). A specifically designed Hh signaling antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) has been reported to suppress growth and trigger apoptosis in colon cancer cells via downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 (51). Another study confirmed that GDC-0449 has the ability to initiate apoptosis, decrease cellular plasticity and invasiveness of CRC (28).…”

Section: Hedgehog Signaling In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Hedgehog Signaling by miRNAs and Nanoformulations: A Possible Therapeutic Solution for Colorectal Cancer

Javed

Iqbal²,

Rasheed

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Hedgehog (Hh) signaling aberrations trigger differentiation and proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the current approaches which inhibit this vital cellular pathway provoke some side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new therapeutic options. MicroRNAs are small molecules that modulate expression of the target genes and can be utilized as a potential therapeutic option for CRC. On the other hand, nanoformulations have been implemented in the treatment of plethora of diseases. Owing to their excessive bioavailability, limited cytotoxicity and high specificity, nanoparticles may be considered as an alternative drug delivery platform for the Hh signaling mediated CRC. This article reviews the Hh signaling and its involvement in CRC with focus on miRNAs, nanoformulations as potential diagnostic/prognostic and therapeutics for CRC.

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“…Despite decades of research, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and particularly in developed countries its incidence is still on the rise. Cancer usually arises upon long latency in response to a series of genetic alterations, triggered by exogenous (environmental exposition) and endogenous causes (genetic predisposition) that are additionally modulated by pathobionts, such as bacteria or viruses, making it very difficult to predict the time of its occurrence, its clinical progression, and treatability [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

At a Crossroads to Cancer: How p53-Induced Cell Fate Decisions Secure Genome Integrity

Rizzotto

Englmaier

Villunger

2021

IJMS

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P53 is known as the most critical tumor suppressor and is often referred to as the guardian of our genome. More than 40 years after its discovery, we are still struggling to understand all molecular details on how this transcription factor prevents oncogenesis or how to leverage current knowledge about its function to improve cancer treatment. Multiple cues, including DNA-damage or mitotic errors, can lead to the stabilization and nuclear translocation of p53, initiating the expression of multiple target genes. These transcriptional programs may be cell-type- and stimulus-specific, as is their outcome that ultimately imposes a barrier to cellular transformation. Cell cycle arrest and cell death are two well-studied consequences of p53 activation, but, while being considered critical, they do not fully explain the consequences of p53 loss-of-function phenotypes in cancer. Here, we discuss how mitotic errors alert the p53 network and give an overview of multiple ways that p53 can trigger cell death. We argue that a comparative analysis of different types of p53 responses, elicited by different triggers in a time-resolved manner in well-defined model systems, is critical to understand the cell-type-specific cell fate induced by p53 upon its activation in order to resolve the remaining mystery of its tumor-suppressive function.

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Risk Factors for Cancer: Genetic and Environment

Cited by 9 publications

References 96 publications

Estimation of familial recurrence risk of malignancy: Application of liability threshold model in genetic counseling

Estimation of familial recurrence risk of malignancy: Application of liability threshold model in genetic counseling

Regulation of Hedgehog Signaling by miRNAs and Nanoformulations: A Possible Therapeutic Solution for Colorectal Cancer

At a Crossroads to Cancer: How p53-Induced Cell Fate Decisions Secure Genome Integrity

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