Risk factors for Campylobacter spp. colonization in broiler flocks in Iceland

Barrios, Pablo Romero; Reiersen, Jarle; Lowman, Ruff; Bisaillon, Jean-Robert; Michel, Pascal; Friðriksdóttir, Vala; Gunnarsson, Eggert; Stern, Norman J.; Berke, Olaf; McEwen, Scott A.; Martin, William F.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.12.003

Cited by 76 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Partial depopulation has been reported as a risk factor for flocks being Campylobacter positive at slaughter (3,5,22), and our study purposely excluded this confounder to study other factors during rearing. [18]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could reflect late infection, e.g., associated with better biosecurity during rearing (9,26), or slower spread of infection, e.g., related to treatment of drinking water (15). Most other studies have not tested several individual cecal samples within a batch for the presence of Campylobacter (5,7,18,44,53), but such data are useful for scientists designing risk assessment models to determine the most appropriate and effective intervention strategies to reduce Campylobacter prevalence in poultry. The within-flock prevalence affects the number of Campylobacter organisms on carcasses (2), and this significantly relates to the risk of contracting campylobacteriosis (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Season and Geography on Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Subtypes in Housed Broiler Flocks Reared in Great Britain

Jørgensen

Ellis‐Iversen

Rushton

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Campylobacter spp., especially Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli, are the main cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world (http://www.who.int/mediacentre /factsheets/fs255/en/). Chicken meat is frequently contaminated with Campylobacter (19), and it is a commonly held view that reducing the number of flocks infected with this organism would reduce the number of human Campylobacter cases. A better understanding of the epidemiology of Campylobacter in broiler flocks is required in order to design successful control programs at the farm level.In some European countries, flock colonization of chickens with Campylobacter has a clear seasonal pattern, with highest rates seen in the summer or autumn (20). Studies in the United Kingdom in the early 1990s suggested that there was no increase in the proportion of flocks colonized with campylobacters in warmer months (21, 28). However, we recently found that housed flocks were more likely to be Campylobacter positive in summer (46) in a geographical subset of the data in this study, and evidence of seasonality was also found in 401 batches reared in the United Kingdom in 2008 (20). The reasons for the seasonal variation are not fully understood but are likely to involve the frequency and nature of exposure of the flocks to Campylobacter spp. There is further evidence that climatic factors such as temperature correlate with both broiler flock and human infections (36,43,52). Temperature could also affect the environmental sources of Campylobacter spp. to which broiler chickens may become exposed. A better understanding of the roles of season and climatic factors and their relative impacts on broiler flock colonization with Campylobacter will be useful for policy makers and broiler companies who are formulating control programs to reduce flock infection with this important zoonotic pathogen.Typing of isolates from foods and clinical cases has provided evidence that many strains isolated from chickens share attributes with those from human cases (13,25,37). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been used to assess the relative importance of sources, reservoirs, and transmission routes for human Campylobacter infection in the United Kingdom (48,56). The population of Campylobacter isolates from human cases in England has been well analyzed by studies of isolates from Ͼ2,900 cases from three areas spanning the years 2000 to 2006 (14, 56). However, data sets for strains from chicken flocks at slaughter were smaller and may have been less representative. For example, while 307 chicken isolates were cited

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Season and Geography on Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Subtypes in Housed Broiler Flocks Reared in Great Britain

Jørgensen

Ellis‐Iversen

Rushton

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Sweden) which reported flock-based data (EFSA, 2014). Several other flock-based studies have showed a prevalence from 15% up to 76% (Barrios et al, 2006;Arseunault et al, 2007a;Guerin et al, 2007;McDowell et al, 2008;Sasaki et al, 2010;Ansari-Lari et al, 2010) Campylobacter jejuni is the predominant species isolated from poultry samples, followed by C. coli, with other Campylobacter species such as C. lari being less detected. In the southern EU MSs the presence of C. coli was more abundant, whereas C. jejuni was the only species isolated in the northern countries (EFSA, 2010a).…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Campylobacter Spp -Sources and Transmission Ofmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Season (summer months) Bouwknegt et al, 2004;Barrios et al, 2006;Huneau-Salaün et al, 2007;Zweifel et al, 2008;McDowell et al, 2008;Ellis-Iversen et al, 2009;Jore et al, 2010;EFSA, 2010b;Chowdhury et al, 2012a Age of broilers Berndtson et al, 1996b;Evans & Sayers, 2000;Bouwknegt et al, 2004;Barrios et al, 2006;McDowell et al, 2008;ΕFSA, 2010b;Ansari-Lari et al, 2011;Chowdhury et al, 2012a;Sommer et al, 2013 Partial depopulation practices Hald et al, 2000;Hald et al, 2001;Slader et al, 2002;Ellis-Iversen et al, 2009;Hannson et al, 2010;EFSA, 2010b; Lack of biosecurity measures Humphrey et al, 1993;Van de Giessen et al 1996;Gibbens et al, 2001;Herman et al, 2003;Cardinale et al, 2004 Flock size Berndtson et al, 1996b;Barrios et al, 2006;Guerin et al, 2007a;Nather et al, 2009 Human traffic and farm equipment Berndtson et al, 1996b;Evans & Sayers, 2000;Hald et al, 2000;Cardinale et al, 2004;Ramabu et al, 2004;Hofshagen & Kruse, 2005 Other animals on the farm or very close to the farm van de Giessen...…”

Section: Risk Factor Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter spp. infection in humans and poultry

Natsos

Koutoulis

Sossidou

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide. The infection may be subclinical or cause disease of variable severity. The eating and handling of improperly cooked or raw broiler meat has been shown to be one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis. Birds carrying Campylobacter are asymptomatic colonizers without any clinical signs. Broilers are considered Campylobacter free after hatching and become colonized by exposure to viable bacteria from the environment. Several risk factors can result in the introduction of Campylobacter into the flocks making it difficult to keep chicken flocks free of Campylobacter throughout the rearing period. Lack of biosecurity measures, season, age, partial depopulation practices, flock size, type of production system, presence of other animals on farm, water quality, presence of rodents and mechanical transmission via insects are considered to be some of the risk factors associated with horizontal transmission. The control of Campylobacter in poultry seems crucial for the reduction of human campylobacteriosis cases. In Greece, there has been a dearth of information on prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter in broiler flocks. Therefore, it is essential to initially investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter infection on farms and in poultry carcasses and subsequently the risk factors at all production stages of broiler meat and plan intervention studies to help reducing the disease in humans. This paper review the most recent data reported worldwide on Campylobacter infection in humans and poultry in order to provide an overview of trends, risks, possible causes and mechanisms of transmission routes.

show abstract

“…Several studies have indicated that applied hygienic practices and barriers as well as the type of the ventilation system can be associated with the risk of Campylobacter infection of broiler flocks (Van de Giessen et al, 1998;Evans and Sayers, 2000;Barrios et al, 2006;Hald et al, 2007;McDowell et al, 2008;Hansson et al, 2010). The analyses of the EU-wide baseline survey on Campylobacter in broiler batches and carcases indicated that the previous thinning of the flock, the age of the broilers and the quarter of sampling (3-month period) were associated with Campylobacter-colonised broiler batches (EFSA, 2011c).…”

Section: Risk and Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical specifications on harmonised epidemiological indicators for biological hazards to be covered by meat inspection of poultry

2012

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this report, harmonised epidemiological indicators are proposed for food-borne biological hazards to public health that are related to poultry and meat thereof and that can be addressed within meat inspection. These hazards include Salmonella, Campylobacter and extended-spectrum/AmpC beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli as well as generic E. coli as an indicator for process hygiene. An epidemiological indicator is defined as the prevalence or concentration of the hazard at a certain stage of the food chain or an indirect measure of the hazard that correlates to human health risk caused by the hazard. The indicators can be used by the European Commission and the Member States to consider when adaptations in meat inspection methods may be relevant and to carry out risk analysis to support such decisions. It is foreseen that the indicators will be used in the integrated food safety assurance system for poultry meat outlined in the EFSA Scientific Opinion, particularly to help categorise farms/flock and slaughterhouses according to the risk related to the hazards and process hygiene as well as setting appropriate targets. Depending on the purpose and the epidemiological situation, risk managers should decide on the most appropriate indicator(s) to use, either alone or in combination, at national, regional, slaughterhouse or farm/flock level. It is recommended that risk managers should define the harmonised requirements for the controlled housing conditions of farms and the requirements for food chain information. Member States are invited to organise training regarding the implementation of the indicators and the reporting of data generated by the implementation in accordance with Directive 2003/99/EC. The proposed indicators should be regularly reviewed in light of new information and the data generated by their implementation.

show abstract

Risk factors for Campylobacter spp. colonization in broiler flocks in Iceland

Cited by 76 publications

References 60 publications

Influence of Season and Geography on Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Subtypes in Housed Broiler Flocks Reared in Great Britain

Influence of Season and Geography on Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Subtypes in Housed Broiler Flocks Reared in Great Britain

Campylobacter spp. infection in humans and poultry

Technical specifications on harmonised epidemiological indicators for biological hazards to be covered by meat inspection of poultry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About