Risk factors for bovine herpesvirus-1 seropositivity

Boelaert, Frank; Speybroeck, Niko; Kruif, Aart de; Aerts, Marc; Burzykowski, Tomasz; Molenberghs, Geert; Berkvens, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.02.010

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…increasing the risk of infection (Solis-Calderón et al, 2003), but also being more likely to have been vaccinated. Our findings confirm the fact that herd size is a risk factor for IBR seroprevalence (van Wuijckhuise et al, 1998;Boelaert et al, 2005), but we cannot rule out it is a confounding effect of vaccination.…”

Section: Bhv-1 Seroprevalence 803supporting

confidence: 63%

Prevalence of serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle in Galicia (NW Spain)

Eiras¹,

Dieguez²,

Sanjuán³

et al. 2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a highly infectious disease of cattle caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) that causes considerable economic losses to the dairy and beef industry. This report describes the results of two surveys in which prevalence of serum antibodies against BHV-1 in Galicia (NW Spain) was determined. The first was performed on the entire cattle population of the region (year 2000) and the second on the herds included in a voluntary livestock health programme, which comprises IBR, conducted by a group of farms designated ADSG (Health Defence Groups) in this same region (year 2004). Anti-BHV-1 antibodies were determined by anti-gB ELISA in serum samples from all animals aged over one year in the area's dairy and beef herds. Mean individual animal and herd prevalence recorded in 2000 were 38.4% (ranging 37.3%-39.5%; 43.2% dairy, 26.8% beef) and 50.4% (ranging 46.4%-54.4%; 58.3% dairy, 48.1% beef), respectively. Mean true prevalence by herd and animal for the ADSG farms were 47.2% (44.9%-49.5%; 51.5% dairy, 45.2% beef, 42.3% mixed) and 35.7% (35.3%-36.1%; 37.8% dairy, 33.1% beef, 25.5% mixed), respectively. However, the use of non-maker vaccines make difficult to develop a control and eradication program based on serological analysis.Additional key words: BHV-1, IBR, seroprevalence. Resumen Prevalencia de anticuerpos séricos frente al herpesvirus bovino tipo 1 en el ganado vacuno de Galicia (NO España)La rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina (IBR) es una enfermedad infecciosa del ganado producida por el herpesvirus bovino tipo 1 (BHV-1) que causa considerables pérdidas económicas en la industria láctea y cárnica. Este artículo describe los resultados de dos estudios de prevalencia en los que se determina la presencia de anticuerpos frente al BHV-1 en Galicia (NO de España). El primero fue realizado sobre toda la población bovina de la región (año 2000) y el segundo sobre los rebaños pertenecientes a las asociaciones de defensa sanitaria ganaderas (ADSG) en la misma región (año 2004), que realizan un programa de vigilancia que incluye la IBR. La presencia de anticuerpos se determinó con un ELISA anti-gB en las muestras de suero de todos los animales mayores de 1 año de los rebaños estudiados. Las prevalencias medias por animal y por rebaño halladas en 2000 fueron 38,4% (intervalo 37,3%-39,5%; 43,2% en leche y 26,8% en carne) y 50,4% (intervalo 46,4%-54,4%; 58,3% en leche y 48,1% en carne) respectivamente. La prevalencia real media de rebaño y animal para las granjas de las ADSG fue de 47,2% (44,9%-49,5%; 51,5% en leche, 45,2% en carne y 42,3% en mixtas) y 35,7% (35,3%-36,1%; 37,8% en leche, 33,1% en carne y 25,5% en mixtas) respectivamente. Sin embargo, el uso de vacunas no marcadoras dificulta el desarrollo de programas de control y erradicación basados en el análisis serológico.Palabras clave adicionales: BHV-1, IBR, seroprevalencia.

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Section: Bhv-1 Seroprevalence 803supporting

confidence: 63%

Prevalence of serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle in Galicia (NW Spain)

Eiras¹,

Dieguez²,

Sanjuán³

et al. 2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Some of them are well characterized such as the following: age, sex (males are more frequently positive than females) and herd size [10,189]. Direct animal contact, such as purchase of cattle and participation in cattle shows were also found to be important risk factors for the introduction of BoHV-1 [209][210][211].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

et al. 2007

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-Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.

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“…Consequently, in the final model, the two first variables were removed. Many authors have described the role of closed systems to prevent external infections (van Schaik et al, 1998;van Schaik et al, 2002;Vonk Noordegraaf et al, 2004;Boelaert et al, 2005), so incorporation of the variable "External replacement" as a risk factor seems to be logical and agrees with these authors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Finally, most researchers agree with the result than bigger herd size is an important risk factor for infection with BHV1 (Mazzucchelli, 1995;McGowan and Murray, 1998;Nardelli et al, 1999;Solis-Calderon et al, 2003;Boelaert et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1) infection in non-vaccinated cattle herds in Andalusia (South of Spain)

González-García

Maldonado

Gómez-Pacheco

et al. 2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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An epidemiological and serological survey of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) infection was conducted in Andalusia from January to April of 2000. A total of 4,035 blood samples were collected from 164 herds. A questionnaire, which included variables potentially associated with infection, was filled out for each herd. Serum samples were obtained to identify specific BHV1 antibodies and were tested using a blocking ELISA test. The observed crude odds ratio (OR) (estimate of the chance of a particular event occurring in an exposed group in relation to its rate of occurrence in a nonexposed group) for vaccination is 9.8 (95 % confidence interval: 8.3-11.7). The vaccinated group comprised large dairy farms. This study can only be considered as representative of unvaccinated, small to medium size dairy farms and beef farms in Andalusia. True seroprevalence of the BHV1 virus in nonvaccinated bovine populations in Andalusia reached 45.7% of individuals and 70.4% of herds. Risk factors for BHV1 infection in bovine Andalusian nonvaccinated herds are nonexistence of specific cattle infrastructure (OR: 3.07), beef crossbreeding (OR: 7.90), affiliation with Livestock Health Defence Associations (OR: 2.57), a history of reproductive disorders (OR: 8.39), external replacement (OR: 2.74), proximity to an urban area (OR: 6.11) and herd size (41.98). To control for confounding effects, a binomial logistic regression model was developed. From this regression, BHV1 infections are concentrated in large herds, with external replacement, located close to urban areas. This is the first published report on BHV1 prevalence in the South of Spain.Additional key words: dispersion, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, logistic regression, multivariate model. Resumen Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por el Herpesvirus Bovino tipo 1 (BHV1) en rebaños bovinos no vacunados de AndalucíaDesde enero a abril de 2000 se ha realizado un estudio epidemiológico y serológico sobre la infección por el herpesvirus bovino tipo 1 (HVB1) en Andalucía, donde se tomaron un total de 4035 muestras de sangre procedentes de 164 rebaños, donde además se cumplimentó un cuestionario que incluye variables potencialmente asociadas a la infección. Mediante un kit ELISA de bloqueo se evaluó la presencia de anticuerpos frente al HVB1. El valor de odds ratio (OR) (probabilidad que tiene un suceso de ocurrir en un grupo expuesto a un factor en relación a la probabilidad en un grupo no expuesto) cruda para la vacunación frente al HVB1 es de 9,8 (IC 95%: 8,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]7). Al haberse vacunado las granjas grandes, que fueron eliminadas, el estudio es representativo sólo de granjas de pequeño y mediano tamaño. La prevalencia real en animales no vacunados es del 45,7%, mientras que la dispersión es del 70,4%. Los factores de riesgo detectados son: inexistencia de infraestructuras específicas (OR: 3,07), animales de razas no puras (OR: 7,90), pertenencia a asociaciones de defensa sanitaria (OR: 2,57), historial de trastornos reproducti...

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Risk factors for bovine herpesvirus-1 seropositivity

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle in Galicia (NW Spain)

Prevalence of serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle in Galicia (NW Spain)

Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1) infection in non-vaccinated cattle herds in Andalusia (South of Spain)

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