Risk factors for bacterial contamination during boar semen collection

Goldberg, Ana Maria Groehs; Argenti, Laura Espíndola; Faccin, Jamil Elias Ghiggi; Linck, Lidia; Santi, Mônica; Bernardi, Mari Lourdes; Cardoso, Marisa; Wentz, Ivo; Bortolozzo, Fernando Pandolfo

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.022

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Asimismo, nuestros resultados indican que el 86% de las muestras de semen, semen crudo, recogido en diferentes BS, contenía uno o más microorganismos. Según Goldberg et al (26), la presencia de más de 10 2 UFC mL -1 de mesófilos aeróbicos en el semen indica una muestra altamente contaminada, lo que podría afectar la calidad del semen. En nuestro estudio el promedio fue de 10 3 CFU mL -1 , lo que sugiere un gran efecto potencial sobre la calidad del semen.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Contaminantes bacterianos y perfil de susceptibilidad del semen porcino en centros de recogida em Brasil

et al. 2018

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Objective. To assess the microbiological profile in seven Boar Studs (BS) in Southern Brazil, as well as evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility response to most commonly found microorganisms in BS. Materials and methods. Bacteriologic analysis was carried out in samples from the water purification system, semen extender, raw and stored semen, lab benches, and other working surfaces. Results. Growth of a mixed bacterial population was observed in water samples from all but one BS. Approximately 85% of the BS had significant contamination on their working surfaces with at least one bacterial contaminant. A total of 86% of raw semen samples were contaminated with one or more different bacteria, while 100% of the boar studs provided contaminated samples. Bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents varied from over 80% for gentamycin, neomycin and ceftiofur to 40% or less for penicillin and lincomycin. Conclusions. The identification of the critical points provides necessary support to devise better strategies to minimize contamination in BS. Also, assessing the level of antimicrobial drug resistance offers accurate information to formulate more efficient antibacterial protocols that closely observe the rational use of antibiotics.Keywords: Boar semen; bacterial contamination; antimicrobial susceptibility (Source: DeSC, CAB). RESUMENObjectivo. Evaluar el perfil microbiológico de siete centros de recogida de semen porcino (BS) en el sur de Brasil, así como evaluar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana a la mayoría de los microorganismos encontrados en los BS. Materiales y métodos. El análisis bacteriológico se realizó en muestras del sistema de purificación de agua, diluyentes de semen, semen crudo y almacenado, bancos de laboratorio y otras superficies de trabajo. Resultados. El crecimiento de una población bacteriana mixta se observó en muestras de agua de todas las BS excepto una. Aproximadamente el 85% de la BS tenía contaminación significativa en sus superficies de trabajo con al menos un contaminante bacteriano. Un total de 86% de muestras de semen crudo fueron contaminadas con una o más bacterias diferentes, mientras que el 100% de BS proporcionaron muestras contaminadas. La susceptibilidad Bacterial Contaminants and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Boar Semen in Southern Brazil StudsContaminantes bacterianos y perfil de susceptibilidad del semen porcino en centros de recogida em Brasil

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Contaminantes bacterianos y perfil de susceptibilidad del semen porcino en centros de recogida em Brasil

et al. 2018

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“…Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and other species) sources (Althouse andLu 2005, Baracaldo andWard 2008). Recently, the importance has been explained of many specific factors associated with the age and hygiene of boars and with the technique and hygiene of semen collection, all of which can significantly affect semen contamination by aerobic and coliform bacteria (Goldberg et al 2013). The collection of ejaculates under less hygienic conditions leads to an increase in contamination to above the median value of 220 CFU/mL (Goldberg et al 2013).…”

Section: Bacterial Contamination Of Boar Ejaculatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when such semen is used in AI, there is a possibility that the bacteria will grow and multiply in the extended semen. AI doses with bacterial overgrowth that are deposited in the female genital tract could contribute to an increase in postinsemination vulvar discharges or a regular return to estrus, as well as to embryonic or fetal death, endometritis, systemic infections, or disease in inseminated sows and gilts (Dalin et al 2004, Maes et al 2008, Morrell and Wallgren 2011, Goldberg et al 2013. Moreover, high levels of bacterial contamination have unfavorable effects on the sperm cells in extended semen (Althouse et al 2008, Kuster andAlthouse 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If bacterial contamination is left uncontrolled, the end result is economic loss for porcine studs (Althouse et al 2000, Althouse and Lu 2005, Baracaldo and Ward 2008, Maroto Martín et al 2010. To avoid these problems, proper hygienic procedures should be respected during the collection and laboratory processing of semen, especially given that it has recently been emphasized that the antimicrobials usually used in porcine semen to prevent the growth of contaminating bacteria are of limited effectiveness (Althouse and Lu 2005, Goldberg et al 2013, Speck et al 2014, Schulze et al 2015, Kuster and Althouse 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Contamination of Boar Semen and its Relationship to Sperm Quality Preserved in Commercial Extender Containing Gentamicin Sulfate

Gączarzewicz¹,

Udała²,

Piasecka³

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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This study was designed to determine the degree and type of bacterial contamination in boar semen (79 ejaculates from Large White and Landrace boars) and its consequences for sperm quality during storage (27 extended semen samples, 16 o C for five days) under practical conditions of artificial insemination (AI). The results revealed the presence of aerobic bacteria in 99% of the ejaculates (from 80 to 370 ×10 6 colony-forming units/mL). Most of the ejaculates contained two or three bacterial contaminants, while the Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas bacterial genera were most frequently isolated. Also detected were Enterobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, P. fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa. In general, the growth of certain bacterial types isolated prior to semen processing (Enterobacter spp., E. coli, P. fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa) was not discovered on different days of storage, but fluctuations (with a tendency towards increases) were found in the frequencies of Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus spp. isolates up to the end of storage. Semen preserved for five days exhibited decreases in sperm motility and increases in the average number of total aerobic bacteria; this was associated with sperm agglutination, plasma membrane disruption, and acrosome damage. We inferred that, due to the different degrees and types of bacterial contaminants in the boar ejaculates, the inhibitory activity of some antimicrobial agents used in swine extenders (such as gentamicin sulfate) may be limited. Because such agents can contribute to the overgrowth of certain aerobic bacteria and a reduction in the quality of stored semen, procedures with high standards of hygiene and microbiological control should be used when processing boar semen.

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“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that ensuring a lack of contact between the semen and the preputial liquid flowing through the glove is the most important procedure for obtaining ejaculates with a low bacterial contamination (GOLDBERG et al, 2013). Furthermore, some studies (KUSTER; ALTHOUSE, 1997;CLARK et al, 2007) have reported the importance of hygienic procedures in the processing line, especially regarding water and extender, as they are important sources of contamination of semen doses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

Goldberg

Cardoso

Bernardi

et al. 2017

SCA

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The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the degree of bacterial contamination of boar ejaculate and semen extender on the quality of semen doses. The experiment was conducted in four boar studs, from which raw semen and two semen doses from each ejaculate were collected to evaluate the number of colony-forming units (CFU), pH, sperm morphology and motility. Extender samples were also evaluated for CFU. Ejaculates that had higher levels of contamination (> 220 CFU mL -1 ) resulted in semen doses with a greater degree of bacterial contamination but with no reduction in motility or alteration in pH. When the semen doses were classified according to the degree of contamination of the extender, a decrease in motility was observed after 108 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group whose extender had ≥14,000 CFU mL -1 versus the group whose extender had ≤ 330 CFU mL -1 . The pH remained stable during 168 h of storage in semen doses with extender that had lower contamination levels, but decreased from 7.2 to 6.0 between 24 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group with extender that had higher levels of contamination. A higher number of abnormal acrosomes (P < 0.05) was observed after 168 h of storage in the semen doses whose extender was highly contaminated. The production of semen doses with low bacterial contamination and high sperm cell viability will only be possible with a strict hygienic control in semen processing, primarily with respect to the extender, combined with minimal contamination during collection. Key words: Boar. Coliforms. Ejaculate contamination. Total mesophiles. ResumoO objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a influência do grau de contaminação bacteriana do ejaculado do macho suíno e do diluente na qualidade das doses inseminantes. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro centrais de inseminação, onde foram colhidas amostras de sêmen fresco e duas doses inseminantes produzidas a partir de cada uma das referidas amostras de sêmen. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto ao número de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (UFC) de bactérias mesófilas totais e coliformes, pH, morfologia espermática e motilidade. de acordo com a contaminação do diluente, um decréscimo na motilidade foi observado após 108 e 168 horas de armazenamento (P < 0,05) no grupo em que o diluente apresentava ≥14.000 UFC mL -1 se comparado com o observado no grupo cujo diluente apresentava ≤330 UFC mL -1 . O pH permaneceu estável durante as 168 h de armazenamento em doses inseminantes que apresentavam diluentes com menor nível de contaminação, mas diminuiu de 7,2 para 6,0 entre 24 e 168 h de armazenamento (P < 0,05), no grupo com diluente que apresentava o maior nível de contaminação. Um número maior de acrossomas anormais (P < 0,05) foi observado após 168 h de armazenamento em doses inseminantes cujo diluente era altamente contaminado. A produção de doses inseminantes com baixa contaminação bacteriana e alta viabilidade de células espermáticas só é possível com um estrito controle de higiene durante o processamento do sê...

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Risk factors for bacterial contamination during boar semen collection

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Contaminantes bacterianos y perfil de susceptibilidad del semen porcino en centros de recogida em Brasil

Contaminantes bacterianos y perfil de susceptibilidad del semen porcino en centros de recogida em Brasil

Bacterial Contamination of Boar Semen and its Relationship to Sperm Quality Preserved in Commercial Extender Containing Gentamicin Sulfate

The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

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