Risk Factors For and Progression of Myopia in Young Taiwanese Men

Lee, Yin-Yang; Lo, Chung-Ting; Sheu, Shwu‐Jiuan; Yin, Li-Te

doi:10.3109/09286586.2014.988874

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These results were consistent with Saw's study 23 showing that students who read more than 2 h per day were more likely to be myopia, Ip's study 33 reporting that longer time spent on reading for pleasure was associated with a myopic refraction, and Saxena's study 26 illustrating that positive association of myopia was observed with children study/ reading more than 5 h per day, watching television more than 2 h per day, and playing computer/video games. In addition, although many previous studies revealed that the distance of near work was associated with myopia in children, some of these studies only consider the distance of close-up reading was an important risk factor for myopia, 33,34 and others regarded the distances of different near work activities as a composite variable (distance from near work) and roughly thought that a higher prevalence of myopia was associated with shorter near work distance. 7 In our study, the results first demonstrated that myopic children had a closer distance of reading or watching television than children without myopia, and the final models demonstrated that both male and female students whose distance of reading longer than 25 cm were less likely to have myopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou

Guo

Yang

Mai

et al. 2016

Eye

105

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Purpose To estimate the prevalence of myopia among primary and middle schoolaged students in Guangzhou and to explore the potentially contributing factors to myopia. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a sample of students in grades 1-6 and grades 7-9. Data were collected from refractive error measurements and a structured questionnaire. Results A total of 3055 participants were involved in this analysis, and the overall prevalence of myopia was 47.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 45.6-49.2%). The prevalence of myopia in students increased along with the growth of grade level; the prevalence of myopia in students in grade 1 was only 0.2%, as it increased to 38.8% in students in grade 3, and the rate was the highest (68.4%) in students in grade 9. Girls were at a higher risk of myopia than boys (adjusted odds ratio = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.04-1.44). Both male and female students whose distance of reading was longer than 25 cm were less likely to have myopia and who have one or two myopic parents were at a higher risk of myopia. In addition, reading for pleasure more than 2 h per day (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.09-3.12) was only positively associated with myopia in boys and spending time watching television per week was only positively associated with myopia in girls. Conclusion Myopia in students is a significant public health problem in Guangzhou. Female gender, higher grade, longer time spent for near work, shorter distance of near work, and parental myopia were shown to be associated with the increasing risk of myopia in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou

Guo

Yang

Mai

et al. 2016

Eye

105

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“…[1][2][3][4] In the urban areas of East Asia, myopia affects more than 80% of schoolchildren and young adults. [4][5][6][7][8] Although refractive error problems are usually correctable, myopia is still a major public health issue worldwide. Visual impairment can be caused by uncorrected or undercorrected refractive error.…”

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confidence: 99%

Myopia Development Among Young Schoolchildren: The Myopia Investigation Study in Taipei

Tsai¹,

Fang

Huang

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To investigate the annual incidence of myopia and associated factors among young schoolchildren in Taipei City. METHODS.The Myopia Investigation Study in Taipei was a citywide, population-based cohort study. During the fall 2013 semester (baseline), a total of 11,590 grade 2 schoolchildren completed ocular examination and were included for further analysis. A parent-completed questionnaire was administered to collect data on risk factors for myopia development. Follow-up visits were arranged biannually over 3 years. The first-year results are reported here. Schoolchildren who were emmetropic/hyperopic at baseline and had myopia (spherical equivalent À0.5 diopters) in either eye at follow-up were identified as having incident myopia.RESULTS. Among 7376 baseline nonmyopic participants, 6794 (92.1%) were examined during the first-year follow-up, and 1856 (25.2%) with incident myopia were identified. The incidence density of myopia was 31.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.6-32.8) per 100 person-years. Cox hazard proportional regression analysis revealed that participants who were emmetropic at baseline (hazards ratio [HR]: 19.37; 95% CI: 4.84-77.57), who had two myopic parents (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04-1.42), and who spent ‡5 hours every week on afterschool tutoring programs (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.22) had greater risk for incident myopia. By contrast, protective factors included suburban area of residence (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83-1.00) and spending ‡30 minutes outdoors after school every weekday (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82-0.99).CONCLUSIONS. This study provides population-based data on the annual incidence of myopia among Taiwanese schoolchildren, and found that baseline refractive status, parental myopia, area of residence, time outdoors after school on weekdays, and time spent on after-school tutoring programs are associated with risk of new-onset myopia.

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“…Uncorrected refractive error is a common cause of vision impairment in children,2 with myopia being the most frequently seen refractive error, especially in East and Southeast Asian countries,3 such as Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and parts of mainland China 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Elsewhere in the world as in North America, Australia, Europe and Middle East, the prevalence of myopia is also on the rise but at a slower pace 16, 17, 18, 19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and methodology of the Shanghai child and adolescent large‐scale eye study (SCALE)

Zhao

Sankaridurg

et al. 2017

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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ImportanceNearly half of children suffering vision impairment reside in China with myopia accounting for the vast majority.BackgroundTo describe the design and methodology of the Shanghai Child and Adolescent Large‐scale Eye Study (SCALE).DesignThe SCALE was a city wide, school‐based, prospective survey.ParticipantsChildren and adolescents aged 4–14 years from kindergarten (middle and senior), primary schools and junior high schools of all 17 districts and counties of the city of Shanghai, China were examined in 2012–2013.MethodsEach enrolled child underwent vision assessment (distance visual acuity; uncorrected and with corrective device if worn) and their parent/carer completed a questionnaire designed to elicit risk factors associated with myopia. Additionally, non‐cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular axial length was measured in a subset of the larger sample.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence and the associated factors of vision impairment, myopia and high myopia in Shanghai.ResultsIn 2012–2013, a total of 910 245 of the eligible 1 196 763 children and adolescents identified from census (76%, mean age 9.0 ± 2.7 years [4–14 years]) were enrolled with visual acuity screened in the city of Shanghai. Of these, 610 952 children (67% of the entire sample) underwent non‐cycloplegic autorefraction and 219 188 (24% of the entire sample) had both non‐cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measurements.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study results will provide insights on the burden of vision impairment, myopia and high myopia in children and adolescents in a metropolitan area of China, and contribute to the policies and strategies to address and limit the burden.

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Risk Factors For and Progression of Myopia in Young Taiwanese Men

Abstract: Older age, parental myopia, higher educational level, close work, fewer outdoor activities, and higher urbanization level were associated with the prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese men.

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou

Myopia Development Among Young Schoolchildren: The Myopia Investigation Study in Taipei

Design and methodology of the Shanghai child and adolescent large‐scale eye study (SCALE)

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