Risk factors for and occurrence of postoperative cervical hematoma after thyroid surgery: A single-institution study based on 5156 cases from the past 2 years

Abstract

Hematoma often occurs within 12 hours after thyroid surgery. Hypertension, previous thyroid surgery, male sex, and benign pathology may increase the risk of hematoma.

Risk factors for post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage: a meta-analysis

“…Flow chart of the meta-analysis. (2,4,6,11,12,17). After the analysis, we concluded that the use of antithrombotic agents for thyroidectomy patients, regardless of dosage, was associated with post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.55-2.49, P < 0.00001) ( Fig.…”

“…We used a fixed-effects model to analyse the data involving the use of a drainage device (I 2 = 0%, P = 0.49). In this analysis, 4 retrospective studies were included (3,8,12,26), and studies with selected conditions for drainage device use were excluded. The analysis showed that postthyroidectomy haemorrhage was not associated with the use of a drainage device (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.74-2.18, P = 0.40) ( Fig.…”

“…Compared with conservative methods, thyroid surgery is a relatively safe method for treating several kinds of thyroid diseases; however, the thyroid gland is an organ with a high blood flow rate, and it is not surprising that post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage is a complication of thyroid surgery. The incidence of post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage reported in the literature varies between approximately 0.43% and 4.39% (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26), but the major centres in developed countries commonly report the incidence of post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage as less than 2%.…”

Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Medications Significantly Increase the Risk of Postoperative Hematoma: Review of over 4500 Thyroid and Parathyroid Procedures

“…While some advocate for routine same-day surgery, others are more cautious, preferring to be more selective for same-day surgery cases and requiring a period of observation before dismissal. 6,9,18,23,24 Recommended time periods of observation vary and also differ with procedure (lobectomy vs. total). 4,6,9,18,24 Recommendations are based on the observations within large, retrospective studies and the timing of POH formation.…”

“…It is unclear how additional variables thought to also influence the development of POH may interact and influence POH rates. 10,24 …”